Essay about Negotiating Thanksgiving An Animal Rights...

For every vegetarian or vegan, Thanksgiving is a logistical and emotional minefield. Of course, the centerpiece of the traditional American meal is the turkey, and quite often older relatives, especially relatives whose identity revolves around their cooking like my grandmother, feel hurt and offended if vegetarians do not partake of their cooking. In past years, I tried a number of strategies to hold true to my beliefs about living a cruelty-free existence, while still treating my meat-eating relatives with respect. My first strategy was to suffer in silence, and try to eat as little as possible, focusing on the non-meat entrees. However, this presented several difficulties: firstly, many of the side dishes were cooked with meat†¦show more content†¦This year, I decided to talk with my grandmother about the issue. She always hosts the event and I knew that my veganism caused her a great deal of angst. I wanted a chance to discuss this important part of my identity rationall y with her, in a context far away from the dinner table where her own identity as a cook and provider for the family might be threatened. The pre-negotiation process involved my explaining to my grandmother that I wanted to honor her on Thanksgiving and make a contribution to the meal, so I could feel fully a part of the event. Both of us had a need to feel affirmed as family members, and had a mutual stake in avoiding tensions during the family meal. We set a time, and agreed to talk about what she would be serving. She opened the negotiation by saying that she did not understand why I could not eat what everyone else was eating, because Thanksgiving came only once a year. I pointed out that vegetarianism is not like being on a diet, where you ‘cheat’ every now and then. I do not like to consume animals, and do not regard my eating habits as an act of self-denial. I said I wanted to cook and share some of the foods that I liked with the rest of the family. This would be a way to show everyone that vegetarian food could be tasty. However, because my grandmother would be cooking turkey and other meat-based items, they could sample my vegetarian and vegan food in addition to her food. ThisShow MoreRelatedProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagestechniques 6.1 Define activities 9.1.2. Responsibility matrixes 10.1 Communication planning (.2.3.4) [App. G-4] Chapter 12 Outsourcing 12.1.1 Procurement requirements [G.8] 12.1.2.3 Contract types 9.4.2.3 Conflict management 12.2.7 The art of negotiating 12.2.3.5 Change requests Chapter 13 Monitoring Progress Chapter 5 Estimating Times and Costs 6.4 Activity duration estimates (.3) 6.4.2 Estimating tools (.1.3.4) 6.3.1 Identifying resources 7.1 Activity cost estimates (.2.3.4.5) 5Read MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pages†¢ HR Planning †¢ Job Analysis †¢ HR Information and Assessment Systems EN VI R O NM L TA EN Employee and Labor/Management Relations Equal Employment Opportunity †¢ Compliance †¢ Diversity †¢ Affirmative Action †¢ HR Policies †¢ Employee Rights and Privacy †¢ Union/Management Relations S IZ E Health, Safety, and Security †¢ Health and Wellness †¢ Safety †¢ Security GOALS †¢ Productivity †¢ Quality †¢ Service Staffing †¢ Job Analysis †¢ Recruiting †¢ Selection CU †¢ Wage/Salary AdministrationRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesin 10/12 ITC Legacy Serif Book by Aptaracorp, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Kendallville. The cover was printed by Courier/Kendallville. This book is printed on acid free paper. Copyright  © 2010, 2007, 2005, 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesbuild upon this work. An earlier version of the book was published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California USA in 1993 with ISBN number 0-534-17688-7. When Wadsworth decided no longer to print the book, they returned their publishing rights to the original author, Bradley Dowden. The current version has been significantly revised. If you would like to suggest changes to the text, the author would appreciate your writing to him at dowden@csus.edu. iv Praise Comments on the earlierRead MoreConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words   |  128 Pagesnovel’s original Confucian message, and what does this suggest for its production purposes? I argue that authors and producers often attempt to impose their own set of cultural and political ideologies on its audience through a certain depiction of right and wrong. In this manner, works of fiction might influence, perhaps even alter, the ideologies of the audience.[3] Accordingly, analyzing the depiction of ideologies in media content can serve as a basis for further research on if and how producersRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesAssistant: Jason Calcano Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Senior Marketing Manager: Anne Fahlgren Production Manager: Debbie Ryan Art Director: Jayne Conte Cover Designer: Bruce Kenselaar Photo Researcher: Karen Sanatar Manager, Rights and Permissions: Hessa Albader Cover Art: Fotolia Media Editor: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd. 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Knowledge Is Power, It Is The Essential Key To Success

Knowledge is power, it is the essential key to success and survival, one must strive to make the best out of life or at least that’s what I’ve been told. Knowledge enriches the mind, thereby empower anyone who utilizes it. The human mind holds to key to the breaking and building of an individual. The idea of superiority creates the desire for control and until we understand our mind, we might just end up repeating past failures. The history of African-American journey from ancient times in African to slavery to the civil war and the freeing of the slaves to the present day, seems like a smooth flow, sugar coating the coarse and undeniable bitter experience that was placed out. The idea of saving the nation from the Negro problem to the†¦show more content†¦By the clear comparison and contrast of both chapters, one can fully grasp the intense struggle of blacks. Just and the type for the first chapter goes, â€Å"saving the nation; the racial data revolution and the negro problem†. Muhammad talks about an article called The Negro problem by Nathaniel Shaler, a scientist and prolific writer of the late nineteenth-century race relations. He believed that there was no nation of the so-called civilized world experiencing great difficult than America’s due to the negro problem. The negro problem, as it was called, was the idea of what the African Americans in society should be. Since they were no longer slaves, but the clear majority of white people did not consider them to be equal. Ignore and less interested white bigots at that time had the same warning to dispatch. Trying to avoid the beastlike savagery and crime-stained blackness that where the African Americans. The shift from slavery to freedom meant so much to the four thousand hopes and prayers of the then former slaves. Free slaves meant free man, new form of communication, interaction and respect was also demanded, and from this the slave problem became the negro problem. Post-emancipation writers aided in creating the necessary knowledge to assist in shaping the future of race relations. Not to long after this black criminality emerged, diseases, all this were yours to scale the weight of African American inferiority. To thisShow MoreRelatedTransformational Leadership : A Transformational Leader1112 Words   |  5 Pagesheavily on the leader’s ability to influence the subordinates and communicate his or her vision to them, it’s imperative to study the traits the leader must have. In this section, we’ll examine not only the traits the leader must show, but also the key competencies required to be a transformational leader. Five major traits Transformational leaders are often measured based on how much they showcase certain characteristics, referred to as the ‘Big Five’. Big Five refers to the Five Factor Model OfRead MoreKnowledge Is Power And Education949 Words   |  4 PagesKnowledge is Power Education has been a very controversial issue over the years and has been becoming an increasing topic for discussion. Many people will say a formal education is the only way to get anywhere in life while others claim that with soaring college prices, the education might not actually be worth it. Molly Knefel, author of â€Å"Incarceration vs. Education,† stated in her article â€Å"Americans believe that education is the great equalizer, the key that opens the door to a better future.†Read MorePower And Influence On Employees1533 Words   |  7 PagesIn its simplest definition, power is regarded as the ability to influence to behavior of other people using different tactics to push or prompt action. It is as well referred as the possession of authority and influence over others. Depending on how it is used, power can lead to either positive or negative outcomes. There are different sources of power that one can gain power in different places such as country, organiz ation or any other place that leadership is required. Additionally, there areRead MoreProject Management Life Cycle Description Essay1295 Words   |  6 Pagesin-depth background of how these processes will assist and promote the success of the team and specific tasks and budgeting constraints. A thorough description of how the project will be initiated will be discussed, along with a project plan for moving the data center with budget and time constraints considered. An inclusive plan is developed that incorporates the five process areas as well as the nine knowledge areas. These knowledge areas include: project integration, scope management, time managementRead MoreEssay on The Importance of the Role of the Teacher1667 Words   |  7 Pagesof information, as well as the one that holds the power in a class. They hold the grades, and usually students perceive them as holding the knowledge, too (Zawodniak 124). The way teachers use this power defines the perspective of their pedagogy, the teachers perspective of the art of teaching. The approach the teacher takes and how much knowledge she would like to deliver to the class depends on the views of the instructor.Teachers hold the power to create a world where students are able to progressRead MoreDigital Leadership Essay1024 Words   |  5 Pagesitself from the traditional leader while combining several of its skills. Its positioning and its knowledge are inevitably linked to its distinctive ide ntity as well as its own digital identity with a balance still yet to be invented. Leadership and power are I would say complementary, but power in leadership can possibly be corrupting. A leader is considered in his legitimate role of exercising power, he does so according to established standards, his capacity and his willingness to pursue goalsRead MoreEssential Skills and Qualities of Managers Essay1254 Words   |  6 Pagesneed to be about to have good communication, human skills, and ability to motivate others. The ability to do these skills effectively makes a big difference in a manager and the company’s overall success. Companies depend on managers to fulfill skills and knowledge to help their company excel. The knowledge managers need to possess is technological inclined and globalization. Effective management can enhance a company’s performance by contributing to employees and customer satisfaction, productivityRead MoreTechnology Has The Power Of The Education System899 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology has the power to revolutionize the education system. Current and future educators are responsible for finding meaningful ways to integrate technology into schools; however, thus far technology integration has not created the success that has been visualized. Perhaps some of the issues with the integration of technology is the educational systems unwillingness to change its paradigm. Technology cannot just be another means to transfer knowledge to student, but should be used for theRead MoreModule Code And Title : Bkey401 Professional Competency983 Words   |  4 Pagesneeds. (Kesten, 1987, p3). Independent learning is an important aspect of student’s life. According to self-regulated learning theories identified by Zimmerman (2001),motivation, self-awareness, key processes, social and environmental influences and acquisition of self-regulated learning are essential factors of independent learning. This essay will cover various aspects of independent learning. Such as, what does independent learning skills imply? How independent learning can be developed in theRead MoreStudent Veterans And Traditional Students995 Words   |  4 Pagesmay have on student veterans’ ability to succeed. We surveyed thirty undergraduates at the University of Alaska Anchorage, assessing their grade point average, age, hours spent studying, and various other factors which we deemed our â€Å"criteria for success†. In doing so, we believed that we would find a radical difference between the grade point average of student veterans compared to their traditional counterparts. The data collected suggests that our hypothesis was correct: student veterans were

Complete and Utter Idiots Guide to Sending an Email free essay sample

This may seem like a completely impossible task, but trust me, it’s easy. An everyday completely normal task for most people, but you are not most people, are you? Well, there’s one thing you must do. We are assuming you already own a computer and have an email, so the first thing that is vital in this†¦ find your computer. I know! You have to get up, use those long things on the end of your body made for walking, and look. No†¦ that’s the telly. We are looking for something that looks like a smaller telly with a keyboard and a mouse. No, no, no! Not a real mouse! Now get down from your sofa and look for a screen. Yes, that’s it! Gosh, if it takes you this long to find your computer this is going to be a long day. Congratulations! Now, as you are looking at the computer, sit down on the chair in front of it. We will write a custom essay sample on Complete and Utter Idiots Guide to Sending an Email or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sit on the seat, not the top, bottom or legs, on the actually seat. Yes, that’s a bit more comfy isn’t it? I hope your computer is in fully working order? Supposing that it is, you need to find a big button that turns your computer on. No, that opens up the CD drive. Don’t push it back in! Press the button again so you don’t break it. Oh my, look! It’s right in front of you on that big box. Woohoo! You found it, now login using your password that you thought up so you would remember it. Yes, it is the word written on the sticky note stuck to the wall above you. Now, the long oblong in front of you, that’s your keyboard. No, an oblong is another word for a rectangle†¦ a long square? Yes, the thing with the buttons. Now, press the buttons with the letters/numbers/punctuation that are identical to the ones written on your sheet. Yes, you have to write them in the same order, otherwise itswrong. Thank the lord, you’ve logged on! You’ve just achieved something in your life! Be proud, be very, very proud. The next ‘impossible’ task you have to face is finding the internet icon and using your mouse to click on it. We have already established that this is not a real mouse, so calm down. Now, your computer screen will generally look like this: This may look big and scary but it’s simple really, if you just listen. As you probably don’t know, there are different types of internet service providers. The most common one is internet explorer which is automatically downloaded onto most computers. So we will just stick with that one. The symbol is a blue E. found it? No, that’s not it†¦ yes, the blue E. Good.

The Greek Polis free essay sample

A discussion of the Greek concept of the polis. This paper discusses the concept of the Greek Polis. The related works of Plato, Socrates and Aristotle are analyzed in terms of this concept. The question of the feasibility of such a society is addressed. The Greek concept of the polis was not just a statement of what constitutes good government but was also associated with the Greek concept of the good life. Politics for the Greeks was not relegated simply to public life as we would define it but was part and parcel with the idea of living itself, and the good life was only possible in a proper setting where harmony could be achieved and maintained. These concepts have relevance to the world we face today. The Greek city-state would become an important model for a political structure. The city-state, or polis, was also a form of government which in Athens was marked by early democracy (Kitto 64). We will write a custom essay sample on The Greek Polis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Plato described his view of the perfect state in The Republic

Analysis of free essay sample

Who has never once felt â€Å"fatherless, a stranger with no hope?† Charlie Hall writes â€Å"Marvelous Light† to prove that everyone has felt lonely and deserted, but by giving your life up and being reborn in Christ will you never be lonely again. The first verse in this song begins with the word â€Å"I† which personalizes the song and invites all people to be â€Å"awakened† by Christ. The kindness Christ gives is what no other man could ever give; he died so that we could have life. The prelude is very powerful because it proclaims that Christ has won the battle with Satan, and that sin and death no longer have any power over our lives. This stanza provides assurance by alluding to Jesus resurrecting from the grave. This reminds the readers that God is in control and holds the almighty power. Full of biblical allusions, the chorus reaffirms what each stanza is saying. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page John 8:12 and John 14:6 are both alluded to, to prove that what Hall has written is completely true. â€Å"Into marvelous light I’m running, out of darkness, out of shame† paints the picture of someone fleeing from their troubled life into Jesus’ strong embrace. In the second verse, the reader discovers that Jesus â€Å"beckons deeply† for us to give up our lives and be reborn in Christ. Jesus will not only give you a second chance, he will rescue your sinful life from you. â€Å"My dead heart now is beating. My deepest stains now clean, your breath fills up my lungs. Now I’m free, now I’m free;† verse three declares that once you accept Jesus you will become alive with Christ in you. God sets you free from all your worst sins and gives you the opportunity to start anew. Why would you want to live your life alone, when God gives you the chance to live a glorious life with Him?

The Epic of Gilgamesh

The Epic of Gilgamesh All through historic times, stories, poems, and songs have been written with common themes, which played a significant role in explaining some aspects of societal life. One of these is friendship. There is no one in the world who does not need a friend; therefore, it is a necessary aspect of life. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Epic of Gilgamesh- Theme of Friendship specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the Epic of Gilgamesh, which was developed over a period of nearly a thousand years from about 2500 to 1500 B.C., friendship plays an important role in the development of the story. Gilgamesh, who is described as two-thirds god and one-third man, is the oppressive fifth king of Uruk while Enkidu is the ruler of the animals. The friendship between these characters develops in the course of the story. As the story begins, King Gilgamesh of Uruk is depicted to be in mature manhood and superior to all other men in bot h beauty and strength. There was no one who could match up with him in the ancient Mesopotamian society. The unsatisfied cravings of his demigod nature could not find a suitable mate for him in love or war. In addition, his unsatisfied daemonic energy made the people of Uruk to be unsatisfied with his reign. Because he was lacking love and friendship, Gilgamesh turned to excess and indulgence, and he celebrated his victories with too much debauched partying, which annoyed the individuals in the city as well as the gods in the temples. Because of his oppressive rule, the people asked for help from the gods since they feared that someday Gilgamesh would ask for a greater part of his divine heritage, challenge the gods and even rock the pillars of heaven if he was not controlled. Therefore, to counter the threat, the gods devised a plan of creating Enkidu, who was the mirror image of Gilgamesh. They believed that the king would divert his dangerous energies toward that rival thereby s top challenging heaven. The gods then made Enkidu from clay and left him in the wilderness to live and eat as the animals do. In the wilderness, though he established friendship with the wild animals, his cravings for a mate were not adequately satisfied. Therefore, when a harlot from the city seduced him, he quickly agreed to leave and live in the great-civilized city of Uruk. When Enkidu goes to the city, he seems not to like Gilgamesh at first since the two engaged in a fight soon after they met. However, they quickly started to like one another. The theme of friendship is shown when the two giants become very close and start to rely on one another in conquering their enemies with ease. Thereafter, the solidarity between the two characters assists in developing the plot of the story, which is a mixture of pure adventure, morality, and tragedy, as subsequent experiences are based on this newfound eternal comradeship.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The newly found comrades soon grow weak and become indolent with the city life. Therefore, Gilgamesh suggests a great exciting activity, which involves going to the forest to cut down trees so as to construct a memorable monument to the gods. However, since the terrifying demon called Humbaba is endowed with the responsibility of protecting the forest that is also prohibited to mortals, they have to kill him first. At first, Enkidu disagrees with this proposal but gives in after persuasion from his friend. Their friendship gave them the astounding courage and unwavering confidence to succeed in killing Humbaba. As the King of Uruk cleans himself, Ishtar offers to become his wife because his beauty was appealing to her; however, he turns her down with insults, recounting to her the dire fates that all her mortal lovers have met. Ishtar, the goddess of love and beauty, is infuriated at the re jection and goes to heaven to request his father, Anu, to send the Bull of Heaven to terrorize the people of Uruk. However, Gilgamesh and his compatriot work together to defeat the bull sent by the gods from heaven. After the success of their missions, Enkidu dreamt that they had gone contrary to the wishes of the gods so much that one of them must be sacrificed for murdering Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven. Thereafter, he quickly succumbed to a fatal disease after twelve days of suffering. The loss of Enkidu brings remorse to Gilgamesh and he realizes that death is inevitable. Because of the loss of the great friendship, he sets out on a journey to find Utnapishtim, the one man holding the secret of everlasting life. On the journey, he encountered various obstacles and on finally meeting Utnapishtam, he successively failed different tests that could have given him the secret of immortality. In the end, Gilgamesh, though being the King of Uruk, succumbed to the same fate that befell his friend. Although the type of friendship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu corresponds to contemporary friendship, it differs in some way from it. All through the ages, humans have treasured friendship since it determines our survival on this world. In the current society, human relationship is of essence for helping one another in times of difficulty, just as Gilgamesh and Enkidu assisted one another in conquering their enemies. Most people look for various traits in friends, especially attributes that they may be having in common. However, the current society takes friendship for granted. Most people see it as something that exists naturally.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Epic of Gilgamesh- Theme of Friendship specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How many yearn for their better halves, as did Gilgamesh and Enkidu for each other? Who can go in the world to search for a suitable mate in love? The Mesopotamian societ y, as depicted by taming of Enkidu so that Gilgamesh could accept him, valued friendship such that they could go in search for it. I do not think that two ordinary peasants in Mesopotamia were capable of forming the kind of bond that existed between Gilgamesh and Enkidu. In the epic, Gilgamesh is depicted as being two-thirds god. Therefore, to make him have his equal, the gods created Enkidu to satisfy his cravings for a mate. This implies that the gods predestined their friendship, a thing that could not just happen among ordinary peasants in Mesopotamia. Before the coming of Enkidu, Gilgamesh had a cold heart and he never befriended anyone. However, the coming of Enkidu changed all these as he placed a check on Gilgamesh powerful energies. On the other hand, Gilgamesh pulled him out of his egocentricity. This even matching of characteristics is only possible when someone is specifically created for the other, but not otherwise as may be in ordinary men.

Health policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health policy - Essay Example Decisions on the clear-cut balance to be employed will rely on an array of issues including the perspective of stakeholders, specifically service users and mental health experts. Community based health care services could be a solution to the dire problems of mental health care in Australia, particularly in New South Wales. Large hospitals located in the urban areas often have the best facilities and equipment for mental treatment whereas clinics in the communities are left behind because of over-emphasis on the needs and demands of the health care sector in the cities. Community based mental health services could lessen the problem of overcrowding in city hospitals which usually causes poor quality mental health care, could improve the medical knowledge and expertise of medical practitioners assigned in the rural areas and most probably it could eliminate the negative attitude of â€Å"blaming the victim†. The Medical Journal of Australia released a report in the mid-1970s which showed the result of the investigation on community psychiatry in the locale. The decision to allow psychiatric hospitals to consign patients in the community had produced confusion on professionals, on whether they were gaining independence or just being coldheartedly disregarded. The New South Wales Mental Health Act in 1958 revised the mental health guidelines. It abolished the 1898 Lunacy Act which prohibited certification and committal on the singular basis of psychiatric infirmity. This move then gave community workers and mental welfare officers an opportunity to visit patients on vacation at home. Community-based services were then further reinforced by the introduction of new psychotropic drugs in the 1950s which were able to lessen acute symptoms of significant conditions and made possible the placing of mental health patients in the community (Lewis 2003, p. 109). Moreover, beginning from the 1960s, mental health professionals were instructed in community principles

Physical Architecture Layer Design Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physical Architecture Layer Design - Coursework Example It involves the plan for the hardware and software used in the system, security of the system, communication infrastructure and global support. It is at the physical layer architecture design that a decision on the type of physical architecture of the system is made. The architecture can be chosen from server-based, client-based or client –server architectures depending on the system to be designed. Architectural components The components of a physical layer can be widely grouped in two categories, mainly hardware and software (application). Hardware components may include the computers (clients and the servers) and the network used in the system while the software components comprise data storage, data access logic, application logic and presentation logic. Software components are as vital for the running of the system as the hardware.(Wixom, 12) Among its many functions are: data storage; achieved by documenting data in the CRC cards, presentation of the information to the u ser while accepting the user commands through the application logic and processing needed to access data like database queries through data access logic. The hardware components on the hand include the physical computers and the networks connecting the computers to form a distributed system. The computers can either be sever or client. Different arrangement of the computers gives different physical architectures. Physical architectures Physical architectures are composed of clients (I/O hardware used by user, PCs and terminals), servers (mainframes, minis or micros) and network (hardware and software to connect client to server) and are grouped in three categories namely client based, server based and client server based. (Denis, 2) In Server based architecture, the server performs all the four application functions presentation logic, data access logic, application logic and data storage. The client only need basic hardware like the monitor and keyboard to communicate with the serv er. Upgrading this type of architecture can be quite expensive beside the fact that the server can become overloaded since the server does everything which may result to system failure. (Kendall, 8) As opposed to Server based architecture, in Client based architecture the client does most of the work as the server just deals with data storage functions. All the logic resides in the client computer while data is stored in the server computer. All the data must travel over the network to the server for processing which may lead to a lot of network traffic. This type of architecture is simple to develop but hard to maintain. Client-server architecture is more preferable as compared to server and client based architecture since it balances processing between the client and the server unlike the two other architectures. It is the mostly used architecture in modern system among the three architectures. The client computer mainly deals with the presentation and application logics while dat a access and data storage logics are handled by the server computer. There are two or more tiers available for this architecture depending on the partitioning of the application logics. Scalability is one of the major advantages of client-server archi

Microeconomic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Microeconomic - Essay Example It argues that if trade in the externalized cost is possible and there are no transaction costs and no substantial barriers to competition, bargaining over the externalized costs will lead to an efficient outcome. Poorly defined property rights and obligations or poor enforcement of those rights can lead people to shirk the obligation for damaging another's goods. Our polluting firm is harming the interests of local fishermen. Assuming a competitive market and the right of fishermen to the property either of the fish or of the water being polluted, the polluting firm will have to buy the rights to pollute either as a contract or buy the river fully. This will lead to an efficient result: Either the firm can't afford it, meaning that the social value of their product was transparently less than that of the fish; or it can, in which case the fishermen will get ample compensation for their trouble and society will get good X. If property rights belong to the polluter, then it is much ha rder for the social optimum to be achieved, as the polluter has little incentive to cooperate with the fishermen. Nonetheless, if the value of fish is high enough, then the polluter would have an incentive to buy the fish before the pollution has gotten too bad, and pay the local fishermen; if it isn't, then society didn't want the fish anyways (Mankiw, 2008, 217). Question #3: Risk averse preferences are preferences when faced with uncertainty to err on the side of caution. Risk averse agents, or agents with risk averse preferences, will choose a lower-risk scenario out of multiple scenarios, even if the ultimate outcome could be higher even after accounting for the risk. Consider a father trying to feed his family: He is not likely to tolerate an investment that has even a 5% chance of failure if that 5% chance could deprive him of feeding his family, even if the growth from that investment was in pure economic senses worth it. Risk averse preferences stem from scenarios whose ris k is more than is quantified economically: In the case of the father, the scenario where he can't feed his family has an infinite negative value. The certainty equivalent is the guaranteed, immediately available amount of money or value that an individual would view as equally desirable as a risky asset. Take a game where someone can play for $1000 or $0 or simply choose $500. Mathematical expectation says that the scenarios are identical, but the person playing wants guaranteed return: Thus, to make the show more interesting, it may offer only $250, meaning that $500 (or even a lower number up to $251) is a certainty equivalent. The risk premium is the amount of added value that a risky asset must bring. If an investment has a 1% chance to fail, I am likely to want a 1.5% growth rate on the investment at minimum so that over 100 years the failure of an individual year does not threaten my growth. Maximum willingness to pay for insurance is determined by these factors and others. It can be quantified mathematically: E.g. if I am offering a client a $1,000,000 life insurance policy, and he won't purchase the policy for less than $1000 annually, than that is his maximum willingness to pay (Besanko et al, 2010, 590-612). Question #4: Expected Utility: EU = (.8) * ? 100,000^.5 + (.2) * ? 50,000^.5 = 252.98221281347034655991148355462 + 44.721359549995793928183473374626 = 297.70357236346614048809495692925.

Coal Industry: Ethical Analysis

Coal Industry: Ethical Analysis The energy industry is more relevant today than ever before. As modern technology thrives, so does energy. It has become a necessity used in many areas of life such as agriculture, transportation, waste collection, information technology and communications. All of which are critical components for most functional societies. The industry is made up of many different entities, which include the petroleum industry, gas industry, electrical power industry, coal industry, nuclear power industry, renewable energy industry, and the traditional energy industry. The oil and gas industry account for most of the market, supplying 60% of total demand. Then there is the coal industry coming in second, accounting for 20% of the industries market share. These industries face continuous debate regarding their production and sales, especially here in the United States. The United States is one of the worlds biggest consumers of energy and the energy industry is the third largest industry within our c ountry (U.S Energy Industry). This has generated a lot of publicity for the industry, due to the increased use and demand for energy as a whole. And since there is more and more emphasis placed on the environment, the media has highlighted the negative aspects that surround the business. In this section we are going to take a closer look at the coal industry, investigating some of the ethical issues facing coal. Ethical Issues Facing Coal Industry Throughout history coal has been a very abundant and essential resource, especially for us in the United States. We most commonly use it for producing our electricity and heat. Today coal generates more than half of our electricity, with there being nearly 600 coal-fueled power plants nationwide. The industry also creates over 550,000 jobs in our country (Take Action). So we should not neglect the fact that coal is a major contributor to our society and almost everyone benefits from its use. But unlike most other industries, coal faces a multitude of ethical issues. These issues can be broken down into three categories, environmental, social, and ethical (sustainability). Coal creates a lot of problems for the environment. The main one has to do with air pollution (carbon emissions). When burned coal emits high levels of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, which is the main greenhouse gas that causes global warming. It also emits other pollutants to the air when burned which include mercury, selenium, and arsenic. As far as waste management goes, coal creates a lot of solid waste product such as fly ash, bottom ash, and flue-gas desulfurization sludge. This waste contains mercury, uranium, thorium, arsenic, and other metals that are all harmful for the environment. Coal also pollutes the water. This occurs mostly during the various extraction processes. The process that gets the most exposure, especially around the Appalachian region, is a form of surface mining called mountaintop removal. This process involves extracting entire coal seams from a mountain, hill, or ridge by removing the land or overburden above the seam (which pollutes the water and dep letes woodland resources). These are just a few examples of the negative environmental impacts of coal (Environmental Impacts of Coal). There are also many social challenges facing the coal industry, but we are just going to focus on the negative health effects and employee safety. Coal can cause a lot of health problems. These problems include respiratory issues (bronchitis, asthma attacks, etc.), black lung, congestive heart failure, and some forms of cancer. Mostly people acquire these sicknesses through the extraction, preparation, combustion, waste storage, and transport of coal, but the general public can also be affected. Employee safety is another social concern that surrounds the coal industry. This type of industry involves the use of heavy equipment, which creates several safety hazards. Fire, explosion, the release of gas and structural failure are some of the other safety risks associated with coal (Fears). Overall, this is a very dangerous job requiring workers to always be alert and aware of their work environment at all times. Finally lets discuss sustainability. There are recent figures that show the coal industry is in decline. This is the result of new government regulations and rules, which are trying to decrease carbon emissions. This creates long-term problems for the coal industry, because recent trends show that society wants to do anything they can to preserve the environment and find a cleaner energy source. Another reason for the decline is the recent influx of cheap natural gas to the United States (Plumer). All in all, the future looks pretty grim for the coal industry. Pressures Facing Coal Industry Energy companies such as the coal industry have created problems such as pollution, global warming, nuclear wastes, oil spillages, etc. Because these problems affect the environment, the public has started to pay attention. Environmental interest groups and government regulations are responsible for bringing pressure to corporations in the energy industry. Because the results of burning coal can damage the environment, many environmentalists and activist organizations have brought pressure to the industry. Groups such as Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, Sierra Club, Environmental Defense Fund, and the Natural Resources Defense Council are some of the more popular environmental activist organizations (Sills). These organizations may pose a threat to the coal industry because they push the use of renewable energy and participate in strikes, protests, complaints to the government, and online video posts to gain public attention against companies in the energy industry that may be a threat to the environment (Tesh). Many of these activist groups have over 1 million members and can potentially create a lot of pressure on the energy industry in the future (Tesh). The environmental group that causes the biggest threat to the coal industry is the Greenpeace group, as they are the largest independent direct-action environmental organization in the world (Greenpeace.org). The primary goals of Greenpeace are to: shut down dirty industries, advocate laws to curb global warming, create a path towards cleaner energy, and publically expose those companies that support the use of dirty energy. Greenpeace has also started an Energy Revolution which includes a blueprint for protecting the environment through investing in renewable energy. Part of the Energy Revolution includes the Quit Coal Campaign which fights to eliminate the use of coal because coal fired power plants are the biggest source of man-made CO2 emissions, making the use of coal energy the greatest threat facing our climate. Over the past couple years, campaigns by the Greenpeace group have resulted in victories of shutting down coal plants around the world (Greenpeace.org). Activist groups against the coal industry can even be found on the Virginia Tech campus. Greenpeace at Virginia Tech and VT Beyond Coal are two major groups on campus that are fighting for a better environment. According to the website of VT Beyond Coal, the campus power plant burns 46,000 tons of coal (VT Beyond Coal). VT Beyond Coal has started a petition that is committed to transitioning VTs coal plant to 100% clean, renewable energy by 2020. This petition to Invent a clean future is part of a movement to bring clean energy to over 60 universities in the United States (VT Beyond Coal). Along with pressures from activist groups, energy and environmental regulations by the United States government are increasing and becoming more complex. According to The Daily Caller magazine of Washington D.C., the Environmental Protection Agency is working with President Obama to tighten regulations on oil, gas, and coal for the next four years (Bastasch). So far, the coal industry has been affected the most by the regulations and has experienced a shutdown of more than 200 coal-fired generators across 25 states. Coal mining companies have also been hurt by these regulations and have seen a loss of 17,000 jobs since May 2012. Also, research from Thomas Pyle, President of the Institute for Energy Research, has determined that energy prices will continue to rise as a result of the environmental policies. Due to the Environmental Protection Agencys oppressive regulations, Pyle also quotes, coal is toast (Bastasch). The pressures from activists groups and the government will push for companies in the coal industry to be more accountable towards societies needs instead of the needs of the shareholders (Tesh). Actions of activists groups may cost companies money and may cause more people to protest against traditional energy sources. Government policies will also be a financial strain to energy companies as they impose fines if regulations are not followed. As a result of these pressures, the coal industry will have to make changes. Corporate Social Responsibility Activities Because there are a number of ethical issues facing the coal industry, companies in this industry have being working at its best to improve the social and environmental impact of their activities. Peabody Energy is known for being the worlds largest private-sector coal company. They are also the global leader for finding alternative clean coal solutions and sustainable mining. It is Peabody Energys mission to be a leading worldwide producer and supplier of sustainable energy solutions that enable economic prosperity and a better quality of life (Peabody).As their corporate responsibility, they have been addressing issues in employee, economic, public, and environmental responsibility. Peabodys Safety Vision is to prevent zero incidents, occupational illnesses, and property damage. Safety improvements remain a priority to Peabody Energy in all of their global coal plants. They have been making efforts to increase a safe workplace environment by using surveys and assessments to gain feedback from its employees. In 2011, Peabody completed the installation of underground communication systems so that miners underground are able to better communicate problems that may arise so that rescue teams are notified to assist workers right away. Peabody has also introduced Safety a Way of Life, which is their training program for employees to transition into the companys safety systems and processes (Peabody). In addition to employee responsibility, Peabody Energy believes in the importance of preserving the environment. The key principle of their mission is to leave the land in a condition equal to or better than we found it (Peabody). In 2011, Peabody restored more than 5,100 acres of mined lands and has been creating rangeland, wildlife habitat, hardwood forests, and wetland. The company encourages regular monitoring so that they meet or exceed compliance standards. Peabody has spent $290 million on just land restoration alone (Peabody). They have also introduced a three year study of global energy and water use to enhance environmental conditions. Peabody is one of the very few coal companies that is advancing in clean coal technologies and pursuing different practices to maximize energy efficiencies so that they can improve the carbon dioxide intensity. Beginning in 2006, Peabody has partnered with the U.S. Geological Survey to undertake methane content in its mines. Peabody has been focusing on their environmental responsibilities as a company through partnerships with other organizations and participating in projects toward zero greenhouse gas emissions, new clean coal technologies, maintaining energy efficiency and emissions intensity, and shaping effective carbon policy . ArchCoal is another coal mining company known for its corporate social responsibility initiatives. Like Peabody Energy, ArchCoal has been focusing on the same responsibilities in safety and environmental conditions. ArchCoals guiding principle is safety. They promote the Perfect Zero principle of zero injuries and zero environmental violations. Like Peabody, ArchCoal has been finding ways to make their working environment safer for its employees. In 2011, they invested $14 million in a two-way communication and tracking systems for mines to prevent accidents underground. Additionally, ArchCoal has been constantly training its employees for preparedness and preventing possible accidents (ArchCoal). ArchCoal is working on various initiatives to reduce air emissions from coal electricity. They have been investing in technology to find ways of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and carbon dioxide emissions. ArchCoal has recently introduced its waste management program where water, oil, and metal are recycled. Coal companies are more active in their corporate social responsibilities that other companies in different industries. Because the industry itself is so dangerous for both employees and the environment, coal companies have been working hard to provide the right environment and resources for employees. Furthermore, because the environment is detrimentally affected by the activities of coal companies, companies are taking more initiative to focus and take responsibility for their actions. Investment Policy Recommendations Virginia Tech needs to take corporate social responsibility and ethical issues of the coal industry into account when determining its investment decisions. Energy from coal is under a lot of scrutiny in the public eye since it is perceived as dirty and old technology. With the future of energy pointing towards clean technology such as solar and wind energy, Virginia Tech needs to be on the forefront. They need to set themselves as a leading academic institution that is moving away from coal and into clean technology. The slogan for the institution is Invent the Future(www.vt.edu), therefore taking the initiative to be ahead of the curve. When investing the schools endowment funds, it is important to take ethical issues into account but at the same time not take a financial loss. The great thing about not investing in coal but other technology is that they are taking ethical issues into account but are also focusing the funds into an area that is growing at an exponential rate and will lead to financial gains rather than losses. As a public institution there is a constant eye on Virginia Techs every move, whether it be policy with students, academic rankings, but most importantly where their endowment decides to invest their money. With that being said, it is acceptable to take a financial loss because you have to take the public views into account. Virginia Tech is closely related to the coal industry, with a coal power plant on campus and being located in SouthWest Virginia where the surrounding areas are heavy in coal, so it is a tough choice to not invest in coal. Therefore there will be both sides arguing over the investment in coal. You will have the local coal areas feeling as though the University is not looking out for them and then you will have the group that is all for clean technology and that has been trying to get the school to find a new source for power. Though, just because we will not be recommending that Virginia Tech invest in coal it doesnt mean that the power plant has to go immediate ly. We are saying that by investing in other technology, they will be putting money into companies that are developing new technology that Virginia Tech can then go and use to harness their own energy for use on campus and in the surrounding areas in the future. As they focus their investments into cleaner energy and choosing ethical reasons over financial technology, the public eye will change and they will see Virginia Tech as a leader in the future. Investment Recommendations When looking back at the state of Virginias long history it is impossible to forget the impact that fossil fuels have had on the region. Fossil fuels and more specifically coal have been some of the biggest employers and revenue generating industry in the state. 2006, the total value of fossil fuels mined in Virginia was about $2.4 billion. Coal accounted for about 72 percent ($1.7 billion) of this total value, while natural gas accounted for about 28 percent ($660.3 million), and oil less than 1 percent ($1.1 million).(Virginia Tech Department of Mines) In recent years the total amount of coal produced in the country has been a little more than one billion tones still a huge number despite the push for new green energy. In Virginia production has been around thirty to forty million tones, mostly in the southwestern coalfields (VEPT). However coal production has decreased in the state to the low 30s consistently. Our group would suggest Virginia Tech to not invest in fossil fuels and specifically coal mining as coal prices have decreased while the costs for obtaining and operating mines have increased. This is due to a number of factors, one of the most important factors is the trend of coal mining moving westward to states like Wyoming where mining is cheaper and easier due to the geological conditions there. One major problem is that almost all coal mines in the Appalachian area are underground mines in contrast to their western counterparts which tend to be surface mines allowing for easier and cheaper extraction. Virginia also has had a long history of coal mining which has led to the depletion of easily obtainable reservoirs forcing mining firms to look for untapped reserves. It is common knowledge that the use of fossil fuels has negative effects on many aspects of our lives, from health concerns including higher rates of asthma in areas with heavy pollution but also the potentially devastating effects of global warming. These are only a few of the ethical concerns facing an industry as controversial as the coal industry. Specifically coal industry creates many issues for the environments that contain coal mines. Coal mines generate large amounts of solid waste especially when considering that several coal mining companies engage in the practice of mountaintop removal. Mountaintop mining uses explosives to expose the coal seams and transform what would have been underground mining to a form of surface mining. This is a common method of mining in the Appalachian Mountains. Studies have shown that mountaintop mining has had very serious consequences for the environment. One of the biggest impacts of this form of mining is the contamination of local watersh eds. This is caused by placing the undesired materials created by exposing the coal seam in valleys or filler holes which inevitably ends up contaminating streams that eventually flow into the watershed. Exposure to these streams have been shown to lead to hospitalization for a verity of health concerns including; Rates of mortality, lung cancer, as well as chronic heart, lung and kidney disease are also increased.(M.A. Palmer et al. Mountaintop Mining Consequences, Science, 8 January 2010, Vol. 327, p. 148) Instead of investing in more untapped reserves our group would instead look towards more renewable resources to cover our energy needs. The energy produced in Virginia accounts for less than half the total energy consumed in the state leading to the obvious conclusion that the state relies on other sources to provide energy. Based on estimates by The U.S. Energy Information Administration Virginia Energy consumption was estimated to be 2,558 trillion Btu while the energy produced as fossil fuels mined in Virginia was about 28% of total consumption. In Virginia Coal-fired power plants remains the largest chunk of electrical power generation in the state with 45%.

The arithmetic checks

The arithmetic checks must be done for all leveling calculations When establishing the heights of new Tabs and other important points, only BBS and FSP should be taken and the rise and fall method should be used. The HIP method of calculation can be much quicker when a lot of intermediate sights have been taken and it is a good method to use when mapping or setting out where many readings are often taken room a single instrument position. A disadvantage of the HIP method is that the check on reduced levels calculated from IS can be lengthy and there is a tendency for it to be omitted.Precision of leveling As with all techniques used in engineering surveying it is important to estimate how accuracy of the measurements taken. An assessment of the quality of leveling can be made by calculating the enclosure for a line of levels. This is determined by comparing the reduced level of the closing bench mark with the level obtained for it by calculation from the staff readings. On constructi on sites ND other engineering projects, leveling is usually carried out over short distances and it can involve a lot of instrument positions.The allowable enclosure for a line of levels is given by: Allowable enclosure = ? ± m n Where, m is a constant and n is the number of instrument positions used. The value most often used for m is mm When the enclosure obtained from staff readings is compared to the allowable enclosure, if miniscule is greater than the allowable value the leveling is rejected and must be repeated. If the enclosure is less than the allowable value the leveling s accepted and the leveling is adjusted. The value of m depends on the site conditions.For example if the levels found are to be used for earth work excavations m might be mom. For setting out steel and concrete structures excavations m might be mm. In some cases m is specified in the contract documents. Specifications for leveling are also given in: BOSSES: building setting out and measurement ICE Desig n and Practice Guide: The management of setting out in construction BOSSES: Guide to accuracy in building Sources of error in leveling There are three main groups of errors that can occur when leveling.The most common errors fall into one of the following groups: 1. Errors in the equipment 2. Field or on-site errors 3. The effects of curvature and refraction on leveling Errors in the equipment Collimation error This can be a serious error in leveling if the sight lengths from one instrument position are not types of leveling all types of leveling, sight lengths should be kept equal, particularly back sights and fore sights and before using any level it is advisable to carry out a two-peg test to ensure the collimation error is within acceptable limits.Compensator not working For an automatic or digital level, the compensator is hacked by moving a foot screw slightly off level, by tapping the telescope gently or by pushing the compensator check lever to ensure that a reading remains constant. If any of the checks fail then the compensator is not working properly and needs to be repaired. Parallax This effect must be eliminated before staff readings are taken. Defects of the staff The base of the staff should be checked to see if it has become worn – if this is the case then the staff has a zero error.This does not affect height differences if the same staff is used for all the leveling, but introduces errors if two tiffs are being used for the same series of levels. When using multi-section staff, it is important to ensure that it is properly extended by examining the graduations on the other side of each section as it is extended. If any of the sections become loose the staff should be returned for repair. Tripod defects The stability of tripods should be checked before any fieldwork commences by testing to see if the tripod head is secure and that the base of each leg are secure.Field or on-site errors Staff not vertical As the staff is used to measure a vertical difference between the ground and the plane of collimation, failure to hold he staff vertical will give an incorrect readings. Since the staff is held vertical with the aid of a vertical bubble, this should be checked at frequent intervals and adjusted if necessary. Unstable ground When the instrument is set up on soft ground and bituminous surfaces on hot days, an effect that is often overlooked is that the tripod legs may sink into the ground or rise slightly when the reading is being taken.This then will alter the height of collimation and it is advisable to choose firm ground on which to set up the level and the tripod, and to ensure that the tripod is pushed ell into the ground. Handling the instrument and tripod As well as the vertical displacement, the plane of collimation of a level may be altered for any set-up if the tripod is held or leant against. When leveling, avoid contact with the tripod and only use the level by light contact.Instrument not level For aut omatic and digital levels this source of error is unusual, but for a tilting level in which the tilting screw has to be adjusted for each reading, this is a common mistake. The best procedure here is to ensure that the main bubble is centralized before and after the reading is taken. Reading and cooking errors Many mistakes can be made during the booking of staff readings taken with an automatic or tilting level, and the general rule is that staff readings must be carefully entered into the leveling table or field book immediately after reading.Weather conditions In strong winds, a level can become unusable because the line of sight is always moving and it is also difficult to hold the staff steady. For these reasons, it is not possible to take reliable readings under these conditions which should be avoided when leveling. And other hard surfaces to ensure that the base of the staff remains at the same eight in between a back sight and fore sight. When the tripod is set up in soft g round or on tarmac on hot days it may sink into the ground or rise slightly when readings are taken.This alters the height of collimation and causes errors. Try to set the level up on firm ground and always push the tripod legs well into the ground. The height of collimation may be altered if the tripod is held or pressed down Do not lean on the level, If the tripod is knocked it is necessary to re-level the instrument and repeat all the readings taken from that instrument position. Marking or recording the session of each change point on a long line of levels is advisable. If this is not done and the tripod is knocked all of the leveling will have to be repeated.Curvature and refraction Over long distances level and horizontal lines through an instrument will diverge because level lines follow the curvature of the Earth. This is a possible source of error in leveling since all readings are taken along horizontal lines instead of level lines. The difference between a horizontal and level line is know as curvature and is given by c = 0. 0785 DO Where, c = curvature in meters, D = sighting distance in km The correction for length of sight of mom is less than 1 mm. This correction is ignored for most leveling. The effect of refraction of the line of sight is to bend it towards the Earth.This is also ignored in most leveling. Whatever sight lengths are used, the effects of curvature and refraction will cancel if the sight lengths are equal. How to Reduce the Chance of Errors Occurring Leveling should always start and finish at bench marks so that enclosures can be detected. When only one bench mark is available, leveling lines must be run in loops starting and finishing at the name bench mark Where possible, all sights lengths should be below 50 m. The staff must be held vertically by suitable use of a circular bubble or by rocking the staff and noting the minimum reading.BBS and FSP lengths should be kept equal for each instrument position. For engineering applic ations, many intermediate sights may be taken from each set- up – under these circumstances it is important that the level has no more than a small collimation error. For automatic and tilting levels, staff readings should be booked immediately after they are observed. Use a digital level where possible as it sakes staff readings automatically The rise and fall method of reduction should be used when weighting reference or control points and the HIP method should be used when setting out.Other leveling methods Inverted leveling This is a leveling technique that is used to obtain the heights of points above the line of sight such as ceilings and undersides of bridges. To obtain these, the staff is held upside down in an inverted position with its base on the elevated points. An inverted staff reading is booked in a level table procedure is followed taking into account the minus sign. Never use an inverted staff eating as a change point because it is difficult to keep the staff in the same place for more than one reading.Exam Question: Supplement 2006 SQ A client has asked for an as-constructed drawing of a recently built industrial building. As part of the survey the following series of levels are taken. Prepare a report for the client showing the reduced levels of the manhole inverts and the calculated gradients on the sewer lines, and the soft levels on the building gutters. Example 2 Lets repeat the reduced levels part of the previous exam question assuming we were asked to use the rise and fall method instead

Art 100 Paper

Corrine Roe 1,012 words Art 100 4/8/12 Aesthetics Learning Object The first two pictures that are being compared are Shirin Neshatb â€Å"Allegience with Wakefulness† 1994 and Jasper Johns â€Å"Three Flags† 1958. In the â€Å"Allegience with Wakefulness† is instrumentalist. It is instrumentalist because it is the writing on this person’s feet is not English and there is a gun between the person’s feet. This might be taken as things that are different from what we are used to be taken as threat.American people in general have a closed minded way of looking at things. The other aesthetic perspective for this art piece that are noted is linguistic. Linguistic are has symbols as well and the gun could also be seen as a symbol. It has words written in it too specifically on the feet. This artistic piece is powerful because it can have so many meanings to it and can mean many things to many different people. â€Å"Three Flags† is a linguistic pai nting. It is obvious that this is a linguistic painting because it is the American flag. The American flag is tied strongly to American culture.It is a symbol of our freedom. Imitationist is the next aesthetic perspective that is seen in this paper, obviously because it looks just like the American flag. The American flag looks like it is popping of the page because of the way they get smaller as they move forward. Both of these art pieces have a strong message behind them. The first one, â€Å"Allegience with Wakefulness† has a language in it that most Americans would not be able to understand. It also has a gun which could mean a lot of different things in this particular picture. The second picture â€Å"Three Flags† is pretty much the opposite of that.It is very recognizable for everyone in the American culture. It stands for freedom our freedom. The next two paintings that are compared are â€Å"Mystic Package† by Claudio Bravo in 1967 and â€Å"Rabbitâ₠¬  by Jeff Koons in 1986. The â€Å"Mystic Package† is an imitationist piece of art. It is imitationist because it looks like a regular package that could see pretty much anywhere. This art piece could also be known as linguistic. It is a linguistic aesthetic because it has strong social ties to our everyday lives. Most people get gifts in packages or important thing they have ordered or thing they bought just for fun.We usually associate a package with a good thing. The â€Å"Mystic Package† has a special hyper-realistic quality about it that makes look like it is an actual package. â€Å"Rabbit† is formalist piece of art. It is formalist because it has a modern design. It almost looks robotic and has a futuristic quality about it. The artist pays extra attention to the shape and details like the rabbit’s ears and how the rabbit is holding a carrot. This art piece could also be known as expressionist. When people see rabbits they often think of pets tha t they have had or think of rabbits hoping threw the forest.People usually have happy feelings when it comes to rabbits and other animals. In the art piece â€Å"Mystic Package† it is something we see all of the time. It’s a common package that we use to ship things. In the â€Å"Rabbit† art piece it is the exact opposite. It is something that we do not normally see. We see rabbits but not in shiny balloon form. It looks like a robot more than anything. That is why it is so futuristic looking. In conclusion art has a lot of different aesthetic perspectives. Art is unique in its own way and makes a different impression on everyone who sees it.Someone may disagree with the aesthetic perspectives that are above but they seem to make the most sense. When you use instrumentalist to describe a piece of art that is used to make people think and have a purpose behind them. Linguistic is art tied to culture and has symbolism. Imitationist art is tied to something that ac tually exists in everyday life. Formalist art is that focuses on texture, color, shape and modernism. Expressionist evokes feelings. Usually things in the art make you feel happy or sad or mad or something like that. Aesthetic perspectives change with every person.Not everyone feels or thinks the same way we they look at a piece of art. Things mean different things to different people. Like someone from another country would not have such a close tie with the art with the American flag in it. Someone who understands the language written on that persons feel might feel something different when they look at the picture then someone who cannot read it. Being able to understand what is written might help the picture make the picture mean something totally different than what someone else gets out of it.The art with the package might mean something totally different from one person to the other. They might not even understand how some people get what they get out of it. The picture with the shiny rabbit might not seem futuristic to one person like it does for another. One person could totally not even understand how one person sees something from a piece of art. When something is imitationist usually everyone who sees the painting can understand why it is that way. Usually it is something that people commonly see in everyday life, unless someone has not seen that object in their life.People experience different things in their live and that can influence what they see or feel from a piece of art. Sometimes people see something that other people do not understand but that is their perspective and no one can really tell them that they are wrong. It is all about your experiences and no one can tell that what you are seeing is wrong because art is interpreted by the people seeing it. Some people have experienced things that other people have not so they can look at things in different ways than others.

Cats Essays - Cats, Black Cat, Felidae, Cats In The United States

Cats Essays - Cats, Black Cat, Felidae, Cats In The United States Cats Many people today have pets for pleasure and companionship. Nearly any animal can be a pet, such as hamsters, rabbits, birds, fish, frogs, horses, and even cats and dogs. Besides being a loving companion, pets serve many other purposes as in protecting homes, destroying vermin, and providing a means of transportation. The elderly and the childless couples can rely on a pet as an emotional outlet. In addition, pets can be kept for their beauty, rarity, or for the beautiful sounds that birds can make. Today pets are usually purchased from breeders, pet shops, or animal shelters rather then individually captured and tamed. All pets were made domestic, including cats. Cats are the second most popular pets in the world at this time. Of the two most popular pets, cats are the easiest to maintain and do not need to be taken out for exercise. Being small means cats are not big eaters and only have to eat one or two times a day. Cats can play with string, balls, and anything that may fascinate them. On the other hand, cats can be your companion while you sleep, read a book, or watch television. The life of a cat can be very interesting if you are willing to spend time with them and learn their personality. Every cat has its own personality. Cats can live to be 15 years old, and in that time a cat owner can find that a cat is a man's best friend. The origins of a cat can be very interesting, considering that the cat first began its life with the early Egyptians and other cultures. The domestic cat, the most popular cat of the cat family, is a very laid back cat, sleeping most of the day. Other types of cats like the tiger, lion, and the cheetah are some of the fiercest animals in the wild. Looking back in history, and comparing the earlier cats to modern day cats, we discover that today's cats do not eat to live, but live to eat. Where did cats come from? Cats were not around when dinosaurs existed, after they disappeared, hoofed animals evolved and led to saber-toothed cats (Rutherford 8). There are many additional subdivisions of cats in the world today. Pseudaulurus, the first true catlike animal, lived about 20 million years ago and roamed the forests of Europe and North America hunting for small mammals and birds (Brown 1147). Eventually, more cats began revealing themselves to the world and began living a dominant life. Two animals become similar when they are exposed to the same food sources and environment conditions (Rutherford 10). Many cats have approximately the same traits as each other, but the cheetah and the saber-tooths are completely opposite. The cheetah is the cat furthest from the saber-tooth's in having small canines to allow for the larger nasal opening that enables it to increase its air intake during a high speed chase (Tabor 10). There is not much evidence that shows how far cats dat e back that we know about. The earliest known remains of a leopard were found in Siwalik Mountains of India and date from about 1.5 million years ago (Brown 1148). Saber-toothed cats were one of the longest existing cats on earth. Some saber-toothed cats were still around only 13,000 years ago, so they survived as a subfamily for nearly 34 million years (Tabor 10). Panthers, Lynxes, leopards and other wild cats existed over 10,000 year ago (Rutherford 11). The transition of cats took place over a period of 50 million years; longer than any human has been around. Cats are truly one of the oldest animals still on this earth. The Egyptians were the first to realize the importance of cats. Cats began teaming with people about 2,000 BC in Egypt (Cats 1). There is evidence that points to small wild feline species having been tamed up to 8,000 years ago. Egyptian Pharaohs were the first to tame cheetahs, and from 1500 BC onwards, cheetahs and dogs were their hunting animals (Rutherford 15). Early Egyptian art verifies that cats were honored as female deity (Cats 1). Much of the Egyptian art appears to us as paintings on the inside of tombs, or

Free Essays on Serial Killers

â€Å"I didn’t want to hurt them, I only wanted to kill them.† This is a quote from David Berkowitz, A.K.A., the Son of Sam. David Berkowitz and all of the other serial killers tend to think in unique ways. This paper will talk to you about characteristics, motives, different phases, and the correlation between behavior and aggression. Serial killers like everyone else have certain characteristics that set them apart. To be considered a bonafied serial killer you must murder at least three to four people with a cooling off period between each murder. These killings are usually one on one and are repetitive, occurring with greater or lesser frequency over time (â€Å"Characteristics of Serial Murder†). Serial killers usually don’t have a connection with the victim and they very rarely if ever have a rational motive. The serial killer likes to murder people in the same pattern, usually with a high degree of overkill. This degree of overkill sets them a part from different serial killers. Serial murderers also have different motives for their murders. One of the most obvious is that they turn to murdering for a sense of power (Forwood). For this sense of power they usually attack societies weakest members and those weaker than themselves (Forwood). This includes the homeless, impaired, and usually the young of both sexes. When they kill the homeless and impaired they are usually acting on the Missionary Motive. This is when they feel that it is their responsibility to rid society of its unwanted inhabitants. There are also Visionary killers which are usually instructed to kill by the voices that are in their head (schizophrenia). The last type of these motives is the Hedonist. They kill because it brings them the pleasure to do so. This group is separated into three sub-categories which are lust killers, thrill killers and gain killers. Lust killers kill for sexual pleasure. They are usually sexually underdeveloped and they kill for sex u... Free Essays on Serial Killers Free Essays on Serial Killers â€Å"What Makes a Serial Killer?† By La Donna Beaty Serial Killers Preface: I am writing this essay to discuss one of the points made in the essay, by La Donna Beaty, â€Å"What Makes a Serial Killer?†. My essay will explore one of the points she makes in reference to the possible cause and effect relationship of what makes a serial killer. In her essay, Beaty contends that one possible cause is the â€Å"family atmosphere into which the serial killer is born.† (Beaty 182) She gives as evidence, situations such as being psychologically abused as children, having poor relationships with the male figures in their lives, being rejected or neglected by their parents, and moving repeatedly, however I do not agree with this point. Simply having a poor family environment or being abused in any manner cannot cause you to become a serial killer. In my essay, I will make use of arguments from the heart, as well as, value-based decisions as to why I do not agree with the author’s point of view. Many people have not experienced an emotionally unhealthy childhood, however they have gone on to lead a well balanced productive life as an adult. We cannot possibly believe that the result of an unhappy or abused childhood is the sole result, which leads an individual down the path to become a serial killer. The real question is what other factors help to create these seriously demented beings. There is a great deal to consider when investigating the background of serial killers. Some argue that they were abused in their childhood. Most would agree that this is nothing more than a copout for an extremely mentally disturbed person. In the essay, â€Å"What makes a Serial Killer†, La Donna Beaty provides several theories as to how the relationships of childhood has affected and ultimately produced such abnormal behavior. According to Beaty’s essay, she claims that there are several makings of a serial killer, and it is often... Free Essays on Serial Killers â€Å"I didn’t want to hurt them, I only wanted to kill them.† This is a quote from David Berkowitz, A.K.A., the Son of Sam. David Berkowitz and all of the other serial killers tend to think in unique ways. This paper will talk to you about characteristics, motives, different phases, and the correlation between behavior and aggression. Serial killers like everyone else have certain characteristics that set them apart. To be considered a bonafied serial killer you must murder at least three to four people with a cooling off period between each murder. These killings are usually one on one and are repetitive, occurring with greater or lesser frequency over time (â€Å"Characteristics of Serial Murder†). Serial killers usually don’t have a connection with the victim and they very rarely if ever have a rational motive. The serial killer likes to murder people in the same pattern, usually with a high degree of overkill. This degree of overkill sets them a part from different serial killers. Serial murderers also have different motives for their murders. One of the most obvious is that they turn to murdering for a sense of power (Forwood). For this sense of power they usually attack societies weakest members and those weaker than themselves (Forwood). This includes the homeless, impaired, and usually the young of both sexes. When they kill the homeless and impaired they are usually acting on the Missionary Motive. This is when they feel that it is their responsibility to rid society of its unwanted inhabitants. There are also Visionary killers which are usually instructed to kill by the voices that are in their head (schizophrenia). The last type of these motives is the Hedonist. They kill because it brings them the pleasure to do so. This group is separated into three sub-categories which are lust killers, thrill killers and gain killers. Lust killers kill for sexual pleasure. They are usually sexually underdeveloped and they kill for sex u... Free Essays on Serial Killers Psychology : Serial Killers The nineteen-seventies was an incredible decade. It was a decade of change, one of freedom, a time for great music. It was also an incredible decade for shock, fear and serial killers. John Wayne Gacy, an amateur clown, was a pedophiliac homosexual. He tortured and killed thirty three little boys and stored their remains under his house. David Berkowitz, a.k.a. the Son of Sam, stalked New York City from nineteen-sixty-seven to nineteen-seventy-seven. He claimed to have been following a voice from his dog that told him when and where to kill. Ted Bundy, who is believed to have killed at least thirty-four people, was charged for only three under his own defense- and in fact, he was commended by the judge for his own defense. He was put to death . With the combination of a very powerful media and a society fascinated with gruesome, sadistic crimes, modern serial killers have been put in the spotlight. We are enraptured with serial killers so much, that we pay seven dollars to go see a movie where everyone except the bad guys gets strangled, mutilated, or shot- and enjoy it in some sick way. The media goes out of its way to glamorize murder and terrify the public. We support killers like Charles Manson on Death Row with our tax dollars. In fact, we support them with more than that. About two months ago there was an art show in California entitled: The Death Row Art Show III. Pieces sold for thousands of dollars regardless of their aesthetic appeal, because of the identity of the artists. Serial killers are becoming as popular as rock stars. Serial killers are a development of the industrial world; they really didn't "come about" until the late eighteen-hundreds when society was becoming modernized and the threat of the new age sort of displaced some individuals so much they felt they had to kill to get their point across to society. Jack the Ripper is probably the most notorious killer in history bec...

Economics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economics - Case Study Example To earn the wealth countries need to trade and maximize the difference in their balance of trade by maximizing exports that is a source of generating revenue and minimize imports that cost it to pay. There were two types of manufacturers; one who were export oriented and others who were domesticated with their products. Export oriented manufacturers favored the mercantilist approach and believed in subsidies, tax rebates etc. to increase their sales to foreign countries. But the domestic manufacturers foresee threats to their produces and wanted tariff quotas and stringent policies to restrict the trade. This mercantilist theory was before Adam Smith's. Then came the theory of absolute advantage; according to Adam Smith countries should export goods in which they have an absolute advantage and import other goods from countries that have absolute advantage in producing them i.e. goods in which they are more productive. Adam Smith's criticism to Mercantilists approach was that it confused the accumulation of treasure with the accumulation of wealth. The gold and silver that the country holds is not the wealth of the country. Wealth of a country according to him is measured by the wealth that the nationals of the country hold. And thus use the term absolute advantage to compare the productivity of people with other people, firms with other firms or between nations. The contemporary of Adam Smith was David Ricardo, who gave the concept of comparative advantage; according to Ricardo if there is no difference in productivity then there is no absolute advantage and hence no trade will take place amongst countries. There are some subtle and slight differences among the absolute and the comparative advantage theories, but it is important to take into account the differences. Firstly, as the term absolute and the comparative in the name themselves suggests that Adam Smith's theory takes absolute measures of productivity to compare and David Ricardo's relative measures to compare the productivity amongst the nations. Therefore if absolute productivity is same then trade should not occur according to Adam Smith but Ricardo suggests that it is important to look at the relative productivity for the trade to occur or not. Adam Smith's trade theory does not incorporate any differences that might arise from the different use of technology or probably the difference in the combination of the labor or capital input used. David Ricardo's model has an inherent assumption and a more practical approach that tells that countries differ in their usage of production technologies such that obviously one country will be more productive in use of its resources than the other. And therefore if both the countries specialize in their production areas then output for both the countries can increase. This increase in output would be because of enhanced productivity even when no more inputs are put into the production process. Then countries can contract between themselves and trade goods that are there specialty i.e. import products in which other country specializes and export in which it has its specialization. Then both countries can benefit from one another. Adam Smith's absolute

Give Me a Low Five Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Give Me a Low Five - Research Paper Example Virtually any criminal crime one can think of will fall under one of these categories, and to understand their significance and role in criminal law, an ensuing in-depth examination of each will take place. Let us first explore crimes known as offenses. These acts of indiscretion, also known as infractions, carry the lowest degree of penalties, often issued in the form of tickets with relatively low fines. Minor violations in this category today are parking violations, jaywalking, speeding tickets, and littering, and about a millennia ago, when common law as we know it was in its early stages in England, trivial offenses in this category were handled by the English Court of Common Pleas − that handled petty cases on which the king did not want to waste his time (Baker, 2002). Itinerant judges traveling between towns would try such minor crimes at various circuits, hence the term, â€Å"common law.† Today, these lower crimes, usually called summary offenses, â€Å"are often tried at the lowest level of the judicial system, usually before a district magistrate or justice of the peace, and often use a streamlined procedure,† (Davenport, 2008, p. 9). If convicted, one ca n receive a prison sentence, usually under 90 days, and can expect to pay a fine, as well. Such cases are typically devoid of the safeguards – like a jury trial −extended to those charged with greater crimes, (Ibid.). ... Crimes falling under the banner of misdemeanor today include falsifying crime reports, driving under the influence, and disorderly conduct. Those convicted can be sentenced to up to a year in prison, but a penalty of a fine or probation is more likely (Ibid.). Misdemeanors are usually tried in local city or county courts with an arraignment charging the violator being scheduled within 15 days ? this is followed by a pre-trial hearing to set the case status; then a possible motions hearing to withhold physical evidence so that the case can be dismissed might be slated; and next is the trial, including jury selection and instructions, open statements, examination of witnesses, closing statements, and the verdict; while the last stage of being tried is usually the sentencing hearing, where fines (usually up to $5,000 and/or jail time up to one year) are issued (The Misdemeanor Criminal Process). Inchoate (or incomplete) crimes are offenses that have not yet been completed. Such crimes w ere traditionally considered misdemeanors, but today, they are viewed closer to felonies in severity and scope (Robinson, Gaeta, Majarian, Schultz, & Douglas, 2010). Back under common law centuries ago, the three subdivisions of inchoate crimes of conspiracy, attempt, and solicitation were devised in order to stem actual crimes before they came to fruition (Stevens, 2003). Conspiracy, the most publicized of the three, consists of an arrangement by one or more persons to commit a criminal act, where an obvious attempt to move forward in the crime has been witnessed. A person committing this offense may be tried in any county that is considered to be an element of the offense, and the doctrine of inchoate crimes must be applied during the trial, which calls for four things: 1)

Strategic Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Management - Term Paper Example The strategic leadership team will first look at economies of scale, the â€Å"decline in per-unit product costs as the absolute volume of production per period increases† (Keegan & Green, p.504). This determines entry barriers for competition and usually applies to cost, marketing and general business administration. The ability to differentiate product is also part of assessing the threat of new entrants, based on the current level of brand loyalty that exists with competition. In reference to Tesco, the environment is already saturated with many large-scale competitors such as Wal-Mart and thus Tesco must consider its branding strategies and also whether or not competition will find success with their own differentiation strategies through marketing and promotion. Capital requirements for new entry is also assessed through basic revenue analysis and needs for working capital (inventories) as well as advertising costs, customer credit, and information systems technologies. A ssessing distribution methodologies and capacity is also measured with this analytical tool when considering potential competitor barriers to entry and then measured against Tesco capacity opportunities. When considering supplier power, supermarkets like Tesco operate in an oligopoly, where there are few competition however businesses maintain the ability to exert control over market pricing and supplier bargaining power (investorwords.com, 2011). Thus, the Five Forces analysis tool shows that suppliers are made weak by their absolute reliance on grocery store successes related to consumer-based commodity products (Porter, 2011). However, as the case study has identified that traditionalist consumer diets are constantly changing in China, the Five Forces analysis tool has limitations as suppliers could regain power when Tesco is forced to utilize localised distribution and purchasing strategies for unique products catered to Chinese lifestyle

George and Lennie Essay Example for Free

George and Lennie Essay All the characters played in the novel Of Mice and Men are lonesome, living an empty life everyday consisting of mainly hard labor. The characters all live a very disheartening life, with the lack of happiness, love and affection in their lives. This can be seen also when George mentions that ranch workers are the loneliest people in the world and dont belong nowhere. Of the many characters in the novel, Curleys wife might be one of the most pathetic and reviled of the outsiders. Steinbeck introduces her to us as an outcast, where she is isolated from the community. Being a minor character in the novel, Steinbeck manages to illustrate her as a character that deeply influences the lives of the main characters George and Lennie. Throughout the whole novel, Curleys wifes name is never mentioned. This initiates the readers to feel the sense of belonging of Curleys wife to Curley and to emphasize as an pariah, being feared of, leaving her with nobody to talk to and her identity as a mystery. Apart from that, Curleys wife is portrayed as the only female in the ranch, and although she is married to Curley, the bosss son, giving her a high status at the ranch, they are psychologically separated, and are never witnessed together, leaving her desperate for camaraderie. Her desire of attention and escape from loneliness leads her to try to seek attention from other men working in the ranch by flirting. Her coquettish actions and inappropriate dressing leads other characters to think of her as a tart. The ranch workers are uneasy about this and avoid her in fear of being reprimanded by Curley which may cost them to lose their jobs innocently. She is first introduced by Steinbeck when she comes into the bunkhouse disrupting a conversation that Lennie and George are holding. The depiction is dramatic, Both men glanced up, for the rectangle of sunshine in the doorway was cut off. This suggests that she has obscured the light, and darkened the room with her presence. This gives a dark and threatening image. Steinbeck describes the image of her standing and peering through the door, heavily made-up with full rouged lips and her fingernails being applied with red nailpolish. The fact that she was looking in through the door standing there accentuates her as an outsider. She is also described wearing red mules and with bouquets of red ostrich feathers on them. The constant repetition of the word red used in the novel to describe Curleys wife portrays her as one who is dangerous because the color red is quite provocative and has connotations such as love, passion and danger. Her hair hung in little rolled clusters, like sausages implies the extensive amount of time she has, being alone with nothing better to do than to curl her hair. Her inappropriate body language proves how she dreadfully tries to seek attention and flirts openly with men as she positions herself against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward. She smiles archly and twitch(es) her body. This gives the reader the general impression that Curleys wife is an attractive young lady who seeks attention of men. Georges immediate comments such as Jesus, what a tramp, and So thats what Curley picks for a wife and reactions to Curleys wife, however, allows the reader to realize that she is a potential threat to George and Lennie. George fumes when he knows of Lennies admiration of her being one who is purty and fiercely tells him not to even take a look at that bitch and refers to her as poison and jail bait and to leave her alone. It is obvious that she longs for friends and for someone to talk to, however, males on the ranch dislike her because they see has as one who is a magnet to trouble.

Scarlet Letter Essay - :: essays research papers

The Scarlet Letter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is six in the morning at an Arizona prison. A prisoner named Jonas has been awoken by the prison bell, which sounds more like a horn, and signals that it is time for the prisoners to awake. Jonas quickly gets up, makes his bed and then stands at the door of his cell awaiting a prison guard who will be doing the daily check of his cell. While waiting for the guard, Jonas thinks to himself about what his day will be like, but he soon realizes that it will be the same as the day before, and the day before that, and the day before that, and so on. Jonas then grows quickly depressed, for he realizes, as he always does, that his life is filled with repetition and he is trapped by it. Like Jonas, many characters in the novel, The Scarlet Letter, experience the feeling of being caught in one way or another . Among those characters are Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, Pearl Prynne and Hester Prynne. These characters are truly affected by entrapment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From beginning to end, many factors contribute to making Mr. Dimmesdale feel trapped in one way or another. To start, he is trapped in silence and pain. His need to be silent and the pain that he feels because of it, is shown when he says to Hester Prynne, in front of the town,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hester Prynne, ... I charge thee to speak out the name of thy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   fellow-sinner and fellow-sufferer! Be not silent from any mistaken   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   pity and tenderness for him; for, believe me, Hester, though he   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   were to step down from a high place, and stand there beside thee   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   on thy pedestal of shame, yet better were it so, than to hide a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   guilty heart through life. What can thy silence do for him , except   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   it tempt him-yea, compel him, as it were-to add hyprocisy to sin?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Heaven hath granted thee an open ignominy, that thereby thou   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   mayest work out an open triumph over evil within thee, and the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   sorrow without. Take heed how thou deniest to him-who   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   perchance, hath not the courage to grasp it for himself - the bitter,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   wholesome, cup that is now presented to thy lips! (Hawthorne, 62). The town does not know it yet, but Mr. Dimmesdale is Hester Prynne’s fellow sinner.

Ap Language Review Essay

Chapter 1 Review Questions 1. What is invention in rhetoric? Invention in rhetoric is the process of coming up with ideas for speaking or writing. It has three appeals, ethos, logos, and pathos. 2. What is ethos? Ethos is an appeal based on the character of the speaker or writer. 3. What is logos? Logos consists of the content of the argument. It also appeals to the intellect. 4. What is pathos? Pathos appeals to the emotions of the audience. 5. How does ethos, logos, and pathos work together to persuade an audience? All three come together to persuade and audience because they appeal to the heart and the mind. People don’t make decisions with just one or the other, so this creates maximum persuasive effect. These proofs are tools for analyzing and creating effective arguments. 6. What is syllogism? Syllogism is a chain of reasoning moving from general, universal principles to specific instances. 7. What is an enthymeme? An enthymeme is a shortened syllogism. It serves the purpose of a more practical and beneficial way to argue. 8. How do you derive an enthymeme from a syllogism? To derive an enthymeme from a syllogism is to take out the universal principal and create a more practical argument. It’s basically to summarize the syllogism to the key point. 9. Why is an enthymeme more useful than a syllogism in analyzing and  constructing an argument? An enthymeme is more useful than a syllogism in analyzing and constructing arguments because an enthymeme is used in real-world argumentation. Whereas, a syllogism is used primarily in a logic course. Enthymemes, being a shortened version of a syllogism, uses an unstated principal that you can understand without it being said. Later in the argument you can address the unstated principal to support your enthymeme. 10. What is an arrangement, and why is it important in analyzing and constructing arguments? An arrangement is the order of how you present your ideas. It is important in analyzing and constructing arguments because you can’t just speak/write about something without knowing what you’re going to say. The arrangement collects your ideas and lets you put it in order. It allows you to form the best possible argument. 11. What is style? Style is choosing how to express your ideas. Contributes to the writer’s content, message, or emotional appeal. 12. What effect does style have in communicating an argument to an audience? The way the writer communicates is through their style. It appeals to the audiences emotions, it can make the message more artistic and memorable. 1. Invention in rhetoric is the process of coming up with ideas for speaking and writing, kinda like brainstorming. 2. Ethos is one of the three appeals. It is based on the character or credibility of the speaker and or writer. It’s all about making the audience trust and believe in you in a sense. You want them to feel connected to you, that they have your trust and understanding. 3. Logos is another one of the three appeals. This appeal is the content of the written or spoken message. In this appeal it’s all about reducing the problem ethically. Making the problems that they have more understandable and more logical. 4. Pathos is the last of the three appeals. Pathos is the emotional appeal to the audience by the speaker and or writer. Speakers know that people will follow their hearts more than there mind so they try to connect with them on an emotional level. Trying to  speak with passion, and emotion so people can feel the pain and understand. 5. The three proofs work together in a balance to help persuade an audience, because people use their hearts and their minds when making decisions. So when all the appeals are used together in a balance it creates a very effective argument. 6. Syllogism is a chain of reasoning. Moving from general, common principles to specific events. It’s about responding to minor things, then addressing more major premises. 7. An enthymemes is a shortened syllogism. It’s a more practical way to argue. Enthymemes are taking the common known facts out of an argument, but an argument could crumble if the audience doesn’t know or understand the fact you took out of your argument. 8. You make an enthymeme from a syllogism by taking out the universal principle. Like: Fish have gills. A tuna has gills. In conclusion a tuna is a fish. It’s a common thing to know that fish have gills, so you could leave that out of an argument when stating that a tuna is a fish. 9. An enthymeme is more useful and practical in analyzing and constructing an argument because when you analyze an argument you often look for the unstated principle that supports the enthymemes. So when constructing an argument you need to grasp the audience and make sure they have acceptance of the unstated principle. 10. Arrangement is when you know what you are going to say but you need to figure out what order you are going to put it in. It is important in analyzing and arranging arguments because if you compose an amazing argument it needs to have everything in the right arrangement or the audience and will fail to grasp your idea, without the best possible argument. 11. Style is the way you express your ideas. Every writer has a different writing style. Style can change the feel of an argument. Your style can chnage alot, the character, the view point, the content, the memories, and enhance ethos. Think of a writting stlye the way you’d think of a person’s personal fashion stlye. Everyones is different, some similar but never one hundred percent the same. All of them have a different impact. 12. Style has an effect on communicating an argument to an audience that only that one speaker can do. You could have three different speakers with the same argument topic and all three speakers would graspe the audience in different ways. All from the  style that they use.