What Is Buddhism? Essay examples -- essays research papers

What is Buddhism?Buddhism is a channel of teaching and practice. Buddhistic practices such asmeditation are means of changing matchlessself in order to rail the qualities ofawareness, kindness, and wisdom. The experience developed within the Buddhisttradition over thousands of years has created an incomparable resource for allthose who wish to follow the path of spiritual development. Ultimately, theBuddhist path culminates in Enlightenment or Buddhahood.Who was the Buddha?The word Buddha is a call not a name. It means one who is awake inthe sense of having woken up to reality. The title was first given to a mancalled Siddharta Guatemala, who lived about 2,500 years ago in Northern India.When he was 35 he found Enlightenment whist in profound mediation, aftersearching for years. In the next 45 years of his life he spent it travelingthrough India teaching his trend of life. His teaching is known as Buddha-dharma.Traveling from place to place, the Buddha gained many disciples. Theyalso taught of the enlightment, and the chain has continued on to this presentday.The Buddha was not a God, and he make no claim to divinity. There is noconcept of a creator in Buddhism. He was a human being who, thought tremendousefforts, modify himself.The state of Enlightenment which he reached has three main facets. Itis a state of wisdom, of insight into the true nature of things. It is also asource or interminable compassion, manifesting itself in activity for the benefitof all beings. and it the total liberation of all the energies of the mind andthe body so they are at the service of the fully witting mind.What Happened After the Buddhas Death?Buddhism died out in India a thousand years ago, though it has recentlyrevived. In the last century Buddhism has emphatically arrived in the wolfram andup to one million westerners have become Buddhists.What Does Buddhism Teach?Buddhism sees life as being in process of constant change and itspractices aim to form advantage of t his fact. It means that one can change forthe better. The decisive factor in changing ourselves is the mind and Buddhismhas developed many methods for working on the mi... ... the sustainment beings in the six realms of initiation differbut none of them lasts forever. Eventually, rebirth will take place. The realminto which one is reborn and ones conditions of rebirth are rigid by onespast and present actions. This is the law of Karma at work.Because of the force of their karma, people are born are rebornendlessly, in one realm of existence or in another. The Buddha declared thatthere is no permanent rest in the cycle of birth and death. It is only when onefollows the Noble Eightfold path taught by the Buddha and eventually attainsNirvana, that one finally becomes free from the ceaseless cycle and gainssupreme and permanent happiness.KarmaKarma is the law of moral causation. It is action and reaction in the estimable realm. It is natural law that every action produces a certain effect.So if one performs wholesome actions, one will experience happiness. on theother hand, if one performs unwholesome actions, one will experience suffering.The is the law of cause and effect at work. In this way, the effect of onespast karma determine that nature of ones present spotlight in life.

William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay example -- William Shakespeare Haml

William Shakespeares HamletThere are enough conceptions, and thus misconceptions, about the melancholy Dane to modify volumes. However, while n bingle of them has proved simply acceptable, some of them, such as the diagnoses that Hamlet simply procrastinates or cannot make up his mind prove perfectly unsatisfactory under careful interrogation of the play and, perhaps more importantly, Hamlet himself. Indeed, it appears as if there are certain points in the play in which Hamlet comes to reversals as he eventually counters each one of his own arguments and concludes each of his struggles, until, in his return from England, he is someone quite different from the self-loathing, melancholy, emotionally torn man in the achromatic cloak (I.ii.77) to the one who proclaims This is I,/ Hamlet the Dane (V.i.258).One theme throughout Hamlet is a desire for suicide, a self-loathing that prompts him, fourth dimension and time again, even after he receives a vocation from his dead puzzle to revenge his foul and most unnatural murder (I.v.26), to consider pickings his own life and, in so doing, allow him to escape from the world, a prison, A goodly one, in which there are many confines, wards, and dungeons, Denmark being one oth worst (II.ii.246-248). From the first time the audience sees Hamlet, before his meeting with the ghost, it is clear that he has a strained relationship with God Or that the Everlasting had not fixed/his principle gainst self-slaughter (I.ii.131-132) later on, in the same soliloquy, calling the world weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable (I.ii.133). Hamlets famed melancholy is at once apparent and understandable his father is dead under questionable circumstances, his mother, the essence of frailty (I.ii.146), remarried i... ... own demise in a revenge tragedy instills regard, yes, but significantly less than ceremony the slow decay of the intellectual from the self-loathing pensive student of the first act to the fatalistic almost thoughtle ss warrior in the fifth act is not except more dramatic, but significantly more thought-provoking, and Shakespeare even hints at this fact in Act III, Scene IV For tis the sport to have engineer/ rise with his own petard (III.iv.213-14), suggesting that to watch the most schooled of minds drown in an incomprehensible and perplexing anguish is so utterly ironic, like the engineer blowing himself up, that it succeeds in producing, in Aristotles mind, the desired effects of pathos and fear, perhaps better than in any other tragedy for here it is not just the good man committing the seriously deed, but the wise man succumbing to the failure of his knowledge. William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay example -- William Shakespeare HamlWilliam Shakespeares HamletThere are enough conceptions, and thus misconceptions, about the melancholy Dane to fill volumes. However, while none of them has proved entirely acceptable, some of them, such as the diagnoses that Hamlet simply proc rastinates or cannot make up his mind prove utterly unsatisfactory under careful scrutiny of the play and, perhaps more importantly, Hamlet himself. Indeed, it appears as if there are certain points in the play in which Hamlet comes to reversals as he eventually counters each one of his own arguments and concludes each of his struggles, until, in his return from England, he is someone quite different from the self-loathing, melancholy, emotionally torn man in the inky cloak (I.ii.77) to the one who proclaims This is I,/ Hamlet the Dane (V.i.258).One theme throughout Hamlet is a desire for suicide, a self-loathing that prompts him, time and time again, even after he receives a vocation from his dead father to revenge his foul and most unnatural murder (I.v.26), to consider taking his own life and, in so doing, allow him to escape from the world, a prison, A goodly one, in which there are many confines, wards, and dungeons, Denmark being one oth worst (II.ii.246-248). From the first t ime the audience sees Hamlet, before his meeting with the ghost, it is clear that he has a strained relationship with God Or that the Everlasting had not fixed/his canon gainst self-slaughter (I.ii.131-132) later on, in the same soliloquy, calling the world weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable (I.ii.133). Hamlets famed melancholy is at once apparent and understandable his father is dead under questionable circumstances, his mother, the essence of frailty (I.ii.146), remarried i... ... own demise in a revenge tragedy instills regard, yes, but significantly less than watching the slow decay of the intellectual from the self-loathing pensive student of the first act to the fatalistic almost thoughtless warrior in the fifth act is not only more dramatic, but significantly more thought-provoking, and Shakespeare even hints at this fact in Act III, Scene IV For tis the sport to have engineer/hoist with his own petard (III.iv.213-14), suggesting that to watch the most schooled of minds d rown in an incomprehensible and perplexing anguish is so utterly ironic, like the engineer blowing himself up, that it succeeds in producing, in Aristotles mind, the desired effects of pathos and fear, perhaps better than in any other tragedy for here it is not just the good man committing the bad deed, but the wise man succumbing to the failure of his knowledge.

“That’s Life” An Analysis of Holden Caulfield Essay --

The Catcher in the Rye by J.D.Salinger supersedes the norm by staying painfully in the deepest part of the average, for it contains topics that people can relate to (such as, cynicism, nostalgia, and bitterness of life). unmatchable of the grand topics the novel discusses is an individuals identity, and how Holden Caulfields identity is shaped through the adversity he faces. Quentin Crisp once said The young always have the same riddle -- how to rebel and conform at the same time. They have now solved this by defying their parents and copying one another. Holdens desire to be an individual (a rebel without a cause), hatred of phoniness, and guilt over Allies death creates a substantial conflict. Conformity can be defined in many ways, depending on the soulfulness and their situation. In Holdens case conformity is the choice to grow up and move on from childish antics. Holden, however, chooses to be wedged between a world of a childs innocence and the complex world of adult hood. He deities his two younger siblings, Allie and Phoebe, as if the were contenders for sainthood because of ...

Modern Day versus Civil War Racism in America :: Race

Today racism still exists, but not to the extent that it did during Civil War cartridge holders. There is still the same tot up if not more racism today even though it is very subtle in how it is displayed and also, due to laws that protect US citizens from it. Racism can be displayed through the media, marriage, and even at public schools. Usually television commercials are used to bring the good show up of different products and the people that consume or sell the product, but some quantifys the commercial allow for bring out the good in the product, but bring out the bad in the person. ane example of this kind of advertisement would be a McDonalds commercial that aired not too long ago. The setting was in a McDonalds restaurant with two young, blank males. Each talking well-nigh how great a chicken dish was off the 1.00 Menu, but at the same time some foul language was being bleeped out. This helps contribute to some peoples beliefs that all black men do not care about the use of their language in public. Although, the use of foul language from rap music may trigger this, but how racist can this get?The media will also show racism in everyday situations. During a 20/20 episode that aired lately there were different situations that helped bring out the racism in everyday, white Americans. The first situations were about a group of young, white, teenage boys that stated to vandalize a car in this parking lot. During this some(prenominal) bystanders took a look and kept on walking by and only some people called the natural law. The second scenario was another group of teenage boys, but this time they were black. The setting was in the same parking lot, but there was not vandalism going on these young boys were just sleeping in the car. over again several white bystanders walked by and almost all of them called the police on the sleeping boys. These young men were just taking a nap in their car, not causing any problems. The third and las t scenario was the same black boys, but this time they were vandalizing a car and every single one of the bystanders called the police like the world was going to end if they did not. This shows the racism when it comes to the difference between white and black men in certain situations.

Nelly Concert Essay -- essays research papers

Nelly ConcertOn Monday March 25, some members of the baseball team, my girlfriend, and I traveled to Murray State University to watch a concert performed by Nelly and the St. Lunatics. It was a terrible night to go anywhere because it was raining and storming the whole way, but there was nothing that was going to stop us from going to the concert. We where all so hyped up ab come in it and couldnt wait to head disclose. My brother, who attends Murray State, had gotten us excellent seats about seventy-five feet away from the stage.We got to the Murray about twenty minutes forwards the concert started. So we headed in to find our seats and wait for the opening band to come out and perform. At about five after eight, the lights went out and it was time for the concert to start. Two guys came out on stage and started to sing. The two guys called themselves Core Project. I thought that this band was pretty awful. I could not generalize one word they said the entire time they were on t he stage. They just tried to be like every other band to come out right now. They didnt offer anything different or unique. I must not have been the only one that thought they were bad because there were galore(postnominal) people booing and yelling out you suck while they where on stage. After about a twenty minute performance they left the stage and some other band came out to perform.The next band to come out was a group called Thr...

Nelly Concert Essay -- essays research papers

Nelly ConcertOn Monday March 25, some members of the baseball team, my girlfriend, and I traveled to Murray State University to collect a concert performed by Nelly and the St. Lunatics. It was a terrible night to go anywhere because it was raining and storming the whole way, but there was nothing that was going to inhabit us from going to the concert. We where all so hyped up about it and couldnt wait to head out. My brother, who attends Murray State, had gotten us excellent seats about seventy-five feet remote from the stage.We got to the Murray about twenty time of days before the concert started. So we headed in to find our seats and wait for the opening roach to come out and perform. At about five after eight, the lights went out and it was time for the concert to start. Two guys came out on stage and started to sing. The two guys called themselves Core Project. I thought that this band was pretty awful. I could not understand 1 word they said the entire time they were on the stage. They just tried to be like all other band to come out right now. They didnt offer anything different or unique. I must not have been the only one that thought they were bad because there were many people booing and yelling out you suck while they where on stage. After about a twenty minute performance they left the stage and another band came out to perform.The next band to come out was a group called Thr...

Lamborghinis and Ferraris

In a childlike vision, success is to become a teacher, a doctor, an engineer, or an interior designer when he grows up. Have you ever heard of a child who says he wants to be a student someday? Perhaps none, maybe because we were whole make to believe that success starts with a diploma. But in a room of grown-ups, success is gulling more than your neighbor does, morally or immorally, legally or illegitimately and the diploma never really matters. It hurts to admit that money has become the barometer of success. The more money you have, the more successful you become.In different classes of society, success is defined and measured in number of Languishing and Ferris, in number of countries visited, in number of gadgets owned, in number of bank accounts, and to some men, in number of young mistresses. some(a) people climb up from one Job to another, not to look for the ones they love to do, but the ones that offer better paycheck. Some people work, not to serve but to get paid. Som e people eat, not because they need to but because they want to, while in some distant places mom people never get the chance to eat.But how do we really define success? How do we know if we are already successful? Each one of us has our own definition, each one of us has our own barometer. What makes us happy makes us successful. I remember my grandmother would always ask me to water her plants and clean her front yard, and in exchange I would be given school honorarium, so I got the chance to get better snacks than usual. And as I grow older, I get to understand that In order to get better opportunities you have to work hard to get It.But there was one time my mother caught me asking my grandmother for my school allowance after watering her plants, and my mother told me not to ask for any payment for every errand my grandmother asks. I didnt understand her point then, because I watered the plants to earn my school allowance why should I not ask for a penny If I deserve It? And Just lately I understood, not all handworks need to get paid, though reward comes surprisingly. And this Is how I define success It Is achieved when your hard work rates happiness to other people whether reward comes or not.winner Is when you earn respect without Imposing. mastery Is when contentment overpowers greed. Success Is when you live with Integrity despite temptations. For you may succeed fraudulently, but you will never be proud. Success arises from downfall. Success further Is not an end but rather the climax of our day to day Journey and the beginning of another success. By gaggle buy better snacks than usual. And as I grow older, I get to understand that in order to et better opportunities you have to work hard to get it.But there was one time my to earn my school allowance why should I not ask for a penny if I deserve it? And Just surprisingly. And this is how I define success it is achieved when your hard work creates happiness to other people whether reward comes or not. Success is when you earn respect without imposing. Success is when contentment overpowers greed. Success is when you live with integrity despite temptations. For you may succeed further is not an end but rather the climax of our day to day Journey and the

Mid term Exam

1. a. Opportunity terms is the cost of the foreg ace alternative. It is the cost incurred for net selecting a special course of action. Opportunity cost is innovate in a lot of atomic number 18as in economics, such(prenominal) as labor and capital.b. Increasing cost ar expenditure that rises due to a extra activity. For font, if the thrift is growing and the disposable income of the creation is increasing, the velocity of circulation of money go forth rise. This impart at ache last confidential information to increasing cost.c. Unemployment basically comprises the part of labor, which is capable of working, but which immediately is non employed. Unemployment arises when the actual bulge output of the economy is funkyer the potential gross national harvesting.d. Scarcity arises whenever the quantity supplied does not meet the quantity requireed for a product or service. Scarcity john also apply for labor supply, in instances, where the economy is growing at a fast rate, but there is not sufficient labor to accommodate the job vacancies needed.2. a. Chicken is a patronage product of beef. consequently the rise in scathe of sniveller will point aim to a rise in the demand of beef leading to an outward call down of the quantity demanded.b. If the wages of meat cutters will join on, more individuals would be evoke in working in that area. Therefore the quantity supplied of meet would increase leading to an outward shift in the quantity supplied.c. As income increases the disposable income of the population will rise. If meet is considered a luxury good, the quantity demanded will rise because more will be afforded. As a result an outward shift in quantity demanded will arise.d. If import quotas are eliminated, the arguing and supply of beef will increase. This will lead to a spare in the market, which will eventually direct to a lower demand. An inward shift of the quantity demanded will thus arise.3. If for instance, the availabilit y of cows diminishes due to an epidemic disease on cows. This will direct to a leftward shift in the quantity supplied resulting in the quantity supplied not meeting the quantity demanded. This shortage of meet, will eventually lead to a shift in the demand curve to reach again equilibrium position at a higher impairment. The level of employment will be enhanced due to more number of firms willing to enter the market. However, such shortage may limit the availability of meet supply.On the contrary if competition is increased in the market of beef, due to a drop-off/removal in import quotas or new entry of firms, the quantity demanded will get through an inward shift. This will thus lead to a quantity supplied greater than quantity demanded. Therefore there will be a surplus of meet supplied that will direct a shift in the quantity supplied to meet again equilibrium at a lower price. Firms will eventually drop out of the market due to lower profits leading to a decrease in the lev el of employment in such industry.4. The list utility of a client is maximized when the marginal utility of a commodity is equal to the marginal utility of the other good. Indeed the indifference curve is a graph that portrays a combination of commodities with the aforesaid(prenominal) level of utility. Points are inputted from the situation at hand, which are eventually connected to form an indifference curve graph. This holds on the assumption that consumption of goods is varied continuously and not incrementally.5. a. charge ginger nut of demand is a measure of the level of responsiveness of the quantity demanded to changes in price. Price springyity of demand is not the demand curve.b. The income of an individual is an important determinant of demand. Income breeze of demand is a calculation that shows the sensitivity of demand in similitude to changes in income.c. In the real world a manager should not isolate on the price of the product or service sold only, he should a lso consider the prices of substitute and complementary products and services. In this respect cross-price elasticity of demand is used to calculate the responsiveness of demand of the product marketed in sexual congress to changes in prices of substitute or complementary products.d. Price elasticity of supply also is a determination of the level of responsiveness of the quantity supplied to movements in price.6. The price elasticity of demand is the effect that a change in a variable will hold on the other variable. A coefficient price elasticity of demand equal to 1 is attained for a unitary elasticity, one greater than 1 for an elastic demand and one less than 1 for an springless demand. under(a) unitary elasticity, a percentage change in price will exactly provide the same effect on the quantity demanded. Therefore a one percent increase in price will lead to a one percent decrease in quantity demanded.An elastic demand is an instance where a change in price leads to a more t han proportionate effect on quantity demanded. Thus a one percent increase in price will lead to a decrease in demand greater than one percent. On the contrary, under inflexible demand a change in price will lead to a less than proportionate change in quantity demanded. So a one percent increase in price will direct to a less than one percent decrease in quantity demanded.7. Under an elastic demand total tax revenue would decrease when the price rises. This is due to the fact that the increase in price will be exceeded by the reduction in units demanded due such elasticity. For instance a product that holds a price elasticity of demand of 5. If the present demand is 100 units and the actual price is $5, the total revenue is $500.If a 1% rise in price make passs increasing it to $5.05 a fall of 5% in demand will occur direct sales to 95 units. In this case the total revenue would amount to $479.75, which is lower than the original revenue. On the contrary, under an inelastic deman d a rise in price will direct to higher revenue since the percentage decrease in units sold would be less than the percentage increase in price.8. The cross-price elasticity of demand for substitute goods is always positive because the price of one item and the demand of the other move always in the same direction. For precedent, chicken and meat are substitute goods. If the price of chicken will rise, the quantity demanded for meat will increase too, because clients will shift from buying chicken to meat.The cross-price elasticity of demand for complimentary goods, on the other hand, is always negative because the price and quantity demanded of the variables at hand move at the opposite direction. For instance, cameras and films are complimentary. If the price of films increase, the demand for cameras will fall because fewer customers will purchase cameras in light of additive costs incurred for films, which are necessary for the camera to take photos.9. The first and most import ant is the availability of substitutes. The more a product or service faces substitute products, the more price-elastic is the demand. This is due to the fact that if there are close substitutes and the price of the product is increased, the customer will shift to the substitute product and therefore the demand for the commodity will decrease. For example, if the price of laptop computers were to rise, the demand for such product will probably fall because people will shift to personal computers.It is important to note that the effect of substitutes highly depends on how substitute products are defined. Usually the more specific the definition the higher the number of substitute products. For instance, if the example of laptop computers were to be lessened to laptop computers of Hewlett Packard, one would stimulate more substitute products like laptop computers of other competing companies, leading to a greater price-elastic demand.The income spent on the product is another determi nant of price elasticity of demand. The higher the income spent on the commodity, the more elastic is the demand. For example, goods like bread, pepper, and sugar tend to have an inelastic demand curve, because they make up a low amount of the consumers budget.While products like cars have a more elastic demand curve due to the fact that people are more cost conscious when products are of a high value and therefore are more affected by changes in price. However, in practice it is not guaranteed that the possible action mentioned in this paragraph actually takes place. Indeed, some economists weaken the theoretical relationship that exists between the proportion of income spent on the product and the price elasticity of demand.Time component part also places significant influence on price elasticity of demand. The longer the time period, the more price-elastic is the demand, because substitute goods will be adapted or created to bring home the bacon for the change in price. For exa mple, if the price of electricity were to increase drastically during the passage of time people will replace their home equipment and appliances to consume less electricity.For instance they may adopt a solar geezer or replace their electric cooker with a gas cooker. On the contrary, the price elasticity of demand of durable goods behaves in the opposite direction. For durable goods like cars, the responsiveness of demand to price movements weakens with the passage of time. This is primarily due that in the long run old cars wear out and clients are forced to replace such vehicles if they intend to remain in the same product category.10. Returns to scale are a business technique that considers how a proportionate increase in factors of production will affect total production output. There are three stages of return to scale, being constant, increasing and decreasing. guidance should reach the highest point of the increasing returns to scale, where output rises in a higher proport ion than input. Economies of scale are more a cost model, which examines the effect of production on costs through labor specialization and other technical factors. The information portrayed below show the costs of production for a particular product.As we can see the higher number of units produced per worker is at 4 employees. After that a diminishing return to scale will arise. This coincides to the attainment of economies of scale, where the additional cost per new employee is at its lowest by $1. In this respect returns to scale and economies of scale are related in the sense they normally accommodate with each other. Indeed, economies of scale normally aid the organization in attaining increasing returns to scale.11. Short-run is considered as any time frame in which there is at least one factor of production that cannot be altered and is considered to be fixed. In the long run all factors of production are variable and can be altered. In order to remain operative in the sho rt run a firm ought to cover all the variable costs. Fixed costs at this stage are considered as sunk costs because they cannot be altered and will not affect the going concern decision.12. Explicit costs are costs that involve a cash outflow of money, plot of land implicit costs are expenditure that does not involve cash payments, such as depreciation.13. The economic concept of profit is based on theoretical constructs. Originally such concept focused on the difference between revenue and expenditure, being the surplus needed to maintain the capital of the firm. The economic cost of production for a firm was regarded as the opportunity cost of production.With respect to the be concept of profit, one must consider the fact that originally the accounting concept of profit was similar to nowadays-economic concept of profit. Indeed at the origination of this concept accountants regarded profit from a balance sheet perspective. However during the passage of time accounting profit shi fted to a matching of revenues and costs consumed in a particular period of time. Accountants contend that such shift developed through the evolution of business enterprises, from a fully liquid business enterprise to large macrocosm limited companies.14. a. A firm make gross sales revenue of $10,000 and revenue expenditure amounted to $9,000. Equipment of $10,000 was bought and the present interest rate is 10%. The accounting profit is $1,000, while there is no economic profit since an opportunity cost of capital of $1,000 is deducted with respect to the foregone money due to the equipment bought.b. A firm made Sales revenue of $12,000 and revenue expenditure amounted to $8,000. Equipment of $12,000 was bought and the present interest rate is 10%. The accounting profit is $4,000, while the economic profit is $2,800.c. A firm made Sales revenue of $9,000 and revenue expenditure amounted to $7,500. Equipment of $20,000 was bought and the present interest rate is 10%. The accounting profit is $1,500, while the economic loss amounts to $500.d. As regards example b, the company is attaining economic rent and will thus continue operating. Under perfect competition new firms will enter this market in the long term. In case c, the firm will get out of the market due to an economic loss. As regards example a, a normal profit is attaining, implying that the market is at an equilibrium and under perfect competition no firms will enter or exit the market. ReferencesHirschey M. Pappas J. (1995). Fundamentals of Managerial Economics. Fifth Edition. New York The Dryden Press.Maunders P. Myers D. besiege N. Miller L. (1993). Economics Explained. Second Edition. London Collins Educational.

Critically discuss the current law relating to the above situation in English law and compare this to France jurisdiction.

Abstract The honor of murder is often subject to lots critique because of its un gilt treat ment towards women. Although many swops contain belatedly been made to this bea to rectify the problems, questions be still being raised as to whether the pre come through gender biases still exist. This study ordain appraise the current law in England and wherefore compare it to the approach that is beneathtaken in France. This go forth book a consideration to be made as to whether the changes apply proven effective.Introduction The Coroners and Justice operation 2009 was introduced in order to remove the gender inequalities that existed under the old law and thus enable a snap off distinction to be made between revenge cleanup fructifys and those exciteted in the heat of the moment.1 Neverthe little, over a lot criticism still overreachs the new-made provisions and it has been utter that the exist gender discrimination is still present.2 Conversely, the approach tha t is being adopted in France does appear to be more effective in eradicating the gender bias that exists,3 though it is questionable whether this is more favourable. This study will critically discuss the current position in England with regards to the spillage of self match defensive measure and will then compare it to the position in France. acquittance of Control Defence under English LawPreviously, it was super difficult for women to establish a defensive structure in wad where they committed a sidesplitting in the heat of the moment. This type of defence, in any case k without delayn as provocation, required those seeking to rely on the defence to show that they had a sudden and temporary loss of overcome. This defence discriminated against women who suffered from a so-called slow-burn effect because of the fact that an element of premeditation was often involved. In circumstances such as this, women were deemed to lease committed a revenge cleanup position, of a pre meditated or calculated nature as opposed to a killing in the heat of the moment.4 Much injustice arose as a result of the law in this area and it was evident that reform was needed. In 2010 a new loss of watch defence was introduced under the Coroners and Justice Act (CJA) 2009 and was intended to rectify the problems that existed. Under the new law, it now has to be shown that the defendant lost his or her self control as a result of some offer triggers. It must also be demonstrated that a person with a normal degree of tolerance and self restraint would have acted in the same way as the defendant. This objective test provides the courts with greater flexibility when deciding whether or not the defendant lost her self control as the comparator must be of the same age and fire as the defendant. This is beneficial to women who are apparent to react differently in the situation to men and so it is important that they are being compared to people with the same characteristics.5Th e new regime is thus resembling to the position that was adopted in R v Camplin6 where it was made clear that the reasonable person must have the same characteristics as the defendant. Whilst this seems as to be the fairest approach to employ in ensuring that a distinction can be made between revenge killings with those committed in the heat of the moment, not all would agree. The Law representation had originally opposed these changes for fear that women would still be discriminated against if sex was to be considered as a element, though this was rejected by the Ministry of Justice.7 It has since been argued that the inclusion body of sex as a factor was a mistake on the part of the Ministry of Justice8 and that it unnecessarily refracts and reinforces stereotypes that men and women differ in their ability to control their behaviour.9 It has been argued that sex should be dealt with under the partial defence of loss of control as part of the positioning of the hypothetical per son within the wider circumstances of D.10 It cannot be said that this would on the whole remove the opportunity to stereotype and it seems as though stereotypes will continue to be prevalent within this area of the law. Previously, the loss of self control was confined to a state of anger and rage and women who suffered the slow-burn effect could not rely on the defence. However, under section 55(3) of the CJA 2009 the first qualifying triggers have been delimit as a loss of self control attributable to the defendants fear of serious force out from the victim against the defendant or some other identified person.This takes into estimate situations involving the slow-burn effect and enables a distinction to be made between revenge killings and those committed in the heat of the moment. Whilst it remains the case under the new law that there must still be a loss of control, the jury are required to take all of the circumstances into account when deciding whether the defendant di d in fact lose her self control as well as the nature of the conduct which constituted the qualifying trigger. They should also consider the sensitivity of the defendant and the conditions in which the killing took place.11 These provisions are clearly a lot more women friendly than they used to be since women are more likely to have an element of premeditation than men are.12 This is largely due to the fact that women lack the same physical strength as men and so it would be much more difficult for them to act in a spontaneous manner. Instead they would have to wait for an opportunity to act when their assistant would be least expecting. Nevertheless, as has been pointed out the slow burn defence would still have a high threshold.13 Accordingly, it is important that the defence does not allow for cold, calculating killers to get away with it14 by widening the scope too far. The removal of the suddenness requirement in section 54(2) is another positive change since it had long been a hindrance for women whose experience of provocation has been described as more akin to a boiling over than the male snap response.15As demonstrated in R v Duffy16 and R v Thornton17 it would be deemed unfavourable if there was a delay in responding to a situation as the loss of control would not have been sudden. The removal of this requirement now accommodates those who act out of fear, yet there is still the additional qualifying triggers requirement. This is a subjective test that will be based upon the defendants own loss of self control, yet some difficulties still tend to arise. An employment of which can be seen in the R v Clinton, Parker, Evans18 case. Here, it was questioned whether the consideration of intimate infidelity should be excluded in a case that involves other qualifying triggers.19 It was hard-pressed by the judge stressed that sexual infidelity could only be considered if other triggers were present and could not be relied upon singlehandedly. This demonst rates that the qualifying triggers still produce much uncertainty and because of this the distinction between revenge killings and those committed in the heat of the moment will remain complex.20 It is questionable why the loss of self control phrase was kept under the new law since negative connotations are frequently associated with it. The current law does not appear to have removed the pre-existing discrimination that existed and women are still being treated unfavourably to a certain degree. Whilst the previous law was inherently contradictory21 and in need of reform22 the restrictions that exist as a result of the new qualifying triggers requirement suggests that the new law has been unsuccessful.The courts close in R v Clinton, Parker, Evans23 has been criticised for failing to grasp the actual workings of the new law as sexual infidelity cannot be considered under any of the prongs of the new defence.24 Whether the court erred in its decision is questionable, but it seems as though the decision does not help to put right the pre-existing discrimination and has been said to completely ignore the feminist aims can buoy the legislation.25 Consequently, it could be said that the two-limbed loss of control defence is flawed on the basis that it does not remove the intended pre-existing discriminations. It is extremely difficult to countersink the im rest between men and women and illustrates that further reform may in fact be needed. This was recognised by Hill who pointed out that Hill that partial(p) and incremental reforms of this kind risk complicating the existing system when what is needed is comprehensive and coherent reform of the type suggested by the Law Commission.26 Because of the underlying problems that continue to surround this area it is difficult to tell whether the new loss of control defence is merely a justification or excuse for murder. The defence remains favourable to those who kill in the heat of the moment over those who kill w ith an element of premeditation and because sexual infidelity can be considered as one of the qualifying triggers, it has been said that the defence will be capable of being used as a means of excusing crimes of lovingness.27 Conversely, as noted by Gerry the new law makes it plain that where the killing arises in relation to sexual infidelity this is not a qualifying trigger that will allow a murder to be reduced to manslaughter.28Loss of Control Defence under french LawCrimes of passion (crime passionnel) under French law referred to killings whereby the perpetrator had a sudden loss of self control as opposed to a premeditated one. Such crimes were considered to be a valid defence for murder in France during the early nineteenth degree centigrade, however this all ended in the 1970s when the Napoleonic Code was updated.29 Prior to the Napoleonic Code being updated women were significantly discriminated against since due to the fact that this defence was a lot more favourable t o men. This is similar to the position in England where men had greater control over women, yet when the code was updated a particular fathers authority upon his whole family was over.30 Prior to this, it was only husbands that were capable of establishing the crime passionnel defence according to the Code Penal,31 however, by the late 19th Century women were able to rely on the defence also.32 An element of leniency was placed upon women in France much earlier than it was in England and it seems that attitudes towards women in England have only recently started to change. It was thought that one reason for the increasing acquittal rate for women committing crimes of passion in France was due to the change in attitude jurors had towards women. They felt that by killing their unfaithful husbands or husbands mistresses, they had committed justifiable homicides because they had acted to protect their wounded honour.33 This is a far cry from the position in England where women find it extremely difficult to establish a defence for crimes of passion and even though the reform to the law has attempted to rectify this, it is still evident that disparities exist.However, it could be argued that the position in France is far too lenient than the position in England. Whilst France became much more tolerant to crimes of passion over the years, England became more intolerant, suggesting that England will be less likely to acquit persons accused of such crimes. As identified by Donovan British newspapers deplored the frequency with which French juries acquitted persons accused of crimes of passion and noted with blessedness how much more civilised Britons were in not forgiving such crimes.34 Consequently, it could be said that violence is more excusable in France than it is in England and that women who commit killings will be viewed a lot more sympathetically. The differences that exist under English and French law demonstrate the importance to which cultural and social norms have in influencing the decision of jurors. Thus, because crimes of passion are given much more lenience in the French courts, these types of crimes are likely to occur much more frequently than they are in England. Whilst it could be said that less gender discrimination occurs in France as a result of this, the fact that crimes of passion are being justified so easily is actually a dangerous occurrence. Hence, women in France will not think twice about killing their husbands if they are found to have conducted infidelity as they will be aware of the high acquittal rates.35 In England, on the other hand, infidelity will not be considered as a basis for establishing the loss of control defence and those who are found to have killed their partners under such circumstances will not be viewed favourably.There is much critique surrounding the law that relates to crimes of passion in England since it is felt that women are discriminated against difficulties are presented by the req uirement that the faculty for self-control, now expressed as the tolerance and restraint, required of the defendant, is to be decided on objective grounds.36 However, the law in France appears to have gone completely in the opposite direction, namely being too sympathetic towards women. Whilst both men and women should be treated the same when considering whether any defence to murder are available, it is important that the scope is not widened too much. Whether sexual infidelity should be included as a trigger for losing ones self control in England is doubtful since this would lead to a trial being focused primarily upon the deceaseds behavior as opposed to the defendants. This would appear somewhat illogical and would be viewed as a travesty of injustice by the deceased relatives.37 The deceased would not be able to defend himself and the whole service would be distressing for the victims family. Furthermore, concerns would also be raised about the leniency approaches that are taken in respect of crimes of passion and much focus would be on the sexist values that underpin the basis for such crimes. It has been said that the exclusion of sexual infidelity as a triggering factor was a gesture of politics38 and that its exclusion seems completely logical in modern society.39 It has been said that the emphasis should be placed upon the fear of serious violence and the necessity for self-preservation and the concept of a loss of control is simply a historical distraction.40ConclusionOverall, the law of murder in England was clearly in need of reform since too much gender discrimination existed. Whilst many of these injustices have been rectified by the Coroners and Justice Act (CJA) 2009, much discrepancy still exists. Accordingly, it has to be shown that the loss of control resulted from a serious fear of violence or that it was attributable to things that has been said or done which were considered grave in nature. Emphasis is now placed upon whether the lo ss of control image is one of anger and not fear, which again can be difficult for women to establish. Furthermore, because of the restrictive nature of the qualifying triggers, sexual infidelity cannot be considered alone. Nevertheless, this could actually be necessary in preventing crimes of passion from being excused, as is the position in France. Hence, those that are considered to have killed their partner as a result of sexual infidelity will be excused in France, which makes it a lot easier for women to establish a defence. Although this lenient approach makes the unconscious process less discriminatory, it has actually been considered too broad given that crimes of passion are more frequent in France than they are in England. It is important that a balance is struck so that women are not being discriminated against on the one hand, and that too much lenience is not being given on the other.BibliographyBooksA Reed and M Bohlander, Loss of Control and Diminished office Domes tic Comparative and International Perspectives, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, (2013).C Granier, La Femme Criminelle, United States, O. Doin Publishing, (1906).C V Connor, CheatedHow to Make Sure What Goes Around Comes Around, Lulu.com, (2010).D Ormerod, Smith and Hogans Criminal Law, OUP Oxford, 13th Edition, (2011).J Conaghan, Law and Gender, Oxford University Press, (2012).M Bohlander and A. Reed, Loss of Control and Diminished Responsibility Domestic, Comparative and International Perspectives, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, (2013).N Monaghan, Criminal Law Directions, OUP Oxford, 2nd Edition, (2012).S Wood, Italian Womens Writing, 1860-1994, Bloomsbury Publishing, (1995).Journal ArticlesA Carline, Reforming Provocation Perspectives from the Law Commission and the Government (2009) Web Journal of Current Legal Issues, Volume 2, 2009 2 Web JCLI, 17 March 2014.A Edwards, Changes to the Law on Homicide The Law indian lodge Gazette, 17 March, 2014.D J Baker and L X Zhao, Contributory Qualifying and Non-Qualifying Triggers in the Loss of Control Defence A Wrong forge on Sexual Infidelity (2012), 76 Journal of Criminal Law 254, Issue 3.D Pallister, brisk Defence in Domestic Abuse Cases, (2009) The Guardian, 17 March, 2014.F Gerry, Scuttlebutt (2012) 176 Criminal Law & Justice Weekly 60, Issue 5.J M Donovan, Juries and the Transformation of Criminal Justice in France in the nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, University of North Carolina Press, (2010).J Miles, The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 A Dogs Breakfast of Homicide Reform (2009) Archbold News, Volume 6, Issue 7.Ministry of Justice, Murder, Manslaughter and Infanticide, MoJ CP (R) 19, 2008.Ministry of Justice. Partial Defences to Murder Loss of Control and Diminished Responsibility and Infanticide Implementation of Sections 52, and 54 to 57of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 Criminal Law Policy Unit Ministry of Justice, 18 March 2014.M Hill, New Loss of Control Defence as Murder Law Reforms Take Effect (2010), UK Human Rights Blog, 17 March 2014.R Ferrari, Crime Passionnel in French Courts California Law Review, Volume 6, Issue 5, 331-341.R Harris, Melodrama, Hysteria and Feminine Crimes of Passion in the Fin-de-Siecle Hist Workshop J, Volume 25, Issue 1, 31-63.S M Edwards, anger and Fear as Justifiable Preludes for Loss of Self Control (2010), The Journal of Criminal Law, Volume 74, No. 3.The Law Commission, Partial Defences to Murder (2004) Law Com 290, Cm 6301.T Whitehead and A Hough, Murder can be crime of passion says top judge (2012) The Telegraph, 17 March 2014.V McAviney, Coroners and Justice Act 2009 Replacing Provocation with Loss of Control (2009), Inherently Human, 17 March, 2014.Case LawR v Camplin (1978) AC 705 (HL)R v Clinton, Parker, Evans 2012 EWCA Crim 2R v Duffy (1949) 1 AER 932R v Thornton 1996 1 WLR 1174Legislation Code PenalCoroners and Justice Act 2009Napoleonic Code

Isolation and Society in “Bartleby”

What motivates you to be well-founded when it comes to normal requests? The ultimate question in need of an answer Who determines what is reasonable and normal, and should we not determine these matters for ourselves? Chaos would result if every individual were granted that freedom. Herman Melville, through the interpretation of a man who prefers to follow his own path in Bartleby the Scrivener, subjectively conveys the mental anguish he experienced as a writer and man when the literary world attempted to steal that freedom.From the onset of Melvilles story, it becomes quite an app bent that Bartleby is a man who prefers not to do what corporation wishes of him. He prefers not to honor any request from his employer that would make him deviate from what he prefers to be doing. Herman Melvilles Bartleby is a tale of isolation and alienation. The lawyers office, which can be interpreted as a microcosm of society, was teeming with walls to break down the head ranger from his employee s and to separate the employees from one another.There was one large crushed-glass wall that separated the lawyer from his sycophants (although he was still able to see their shadows due to the nature of crushed glass). The other workers adjust up a folding green screen to hide Bartleby because of his hideous appearance. The Ranger and his employees were also isolated from the outside world their window faced a wall of trees ten feet away, with a sewer-like chasm below. Other indicators of isolation are evident later in the story.For instance, when the Ranger decides to move his office to get rid of Bartleby because he can no longer stand the sight of him, he has the movers tend to Bartlebys green screen last. When they finally take it, Bartleby is left the motionless occupant of an unoccupied room, an obvious sign of isolation. Bartleby is ultimately condemned to the Caverns (a prison), the epitome of isolation. He dies alone, curled up in the fetal position up against a wall of the prison yard, which makes him reckon even more alone and isolated than he was when alive.Society (in this microcosm represented by the Rangers office) is responsible for the creation of Bartleby. Bartleby functions normally (part of society) when he first enters the office. However, when the Ranger asks him to do aboutthing that he considers normal activity as far as society (the office) is concerned, Bartleby refuses because of his stance on environmentalism. Bartleby is nothing more than the embodiment of the refusal to perform these tasks.Therefore, the Ranger creates Bartleby by asking him to do these rudimentary things. Society is also largely responsible for Bartlebys demise Bartleby has his own individualist ideas about what he should be doingwhat he wishes he could do. Bartleby cannot respect with the orders of his employer, because if he did so he would become part of society and would get a nickname like his co-workers Bartleby would cease to exist.Bartleby simply c annot fit into society, and this ultimately leads to his death. Also, society is to blame even if not taken as a microcosm the Rangers peers do not look kindly on Bartlebys refusal to work. And even though the Ranger makes some attempt to be affable towards Bartleby, the other Rangers, outside society, eventually force him to take action and emancipate Bartleby because of his rash environmental actions.The ideas of isolation and alienation are prominent in Bartleby. The authors use of walls as symbols in the story is to the point of being overt, and this only adds to the theme of isolation and alienation. Society is also more or less to blame for Bartlebys downfall, even though there was really nothing that could have done to prevent it. They were simply incompatible and the only solacement is that Bartleby went to heaven, where he was not persecuted.

Different Things That Can Affect the Rights of an Individual

UNIT 10 Task 2. 1 List 4 different things that buttocks affect the rights of an single (2. 1) Explain how the things you have listed could affect the rights of an individual (2. 1) 1. Murder- murder is really a serious factor that really affects all the rights of an individual, because taking ones life is taking also all of his rights. As what it is written by the Law, every individual has the right to live. 2. Slavery and Forced Labour- slavery still exists nowadays, particularly this forced labour where an individual is working without any(prenominal) payment and in an unlimited hour.Individuals are working to have a source of income, to subsidize everydays needs like foods and money. Blood and sudate of individuals are the greatest sacrifice of an individual in order to live and to face the hardships of living. 3. Respect and Privacy- invasion of privacy is taking away ones freedom. Dis viewing an individual is degrading ones rights. Privacy is very important thing owned by an individual, it is like a treasure that should be unploughed carefully and must be respected by the others.Others should respect others privacy as they respect their own because having each own privacy is having a smuch secured freedom. 4. Discrimination- swell makes an individual commemorates unworthy of himself. It sometimes forces an individual to commit suicide that caused him to death. Death is the end of life, the end of an individuals rights. Task 2. 2 Produce a booklet that explains how we should respect the rights of others in the workplace. We can demonstrate respect with simple, yet powerful actions. These ideas will help us avoid needless, insensitive, unmeant disrespect, too. transact bulk with courtesy, politeness, and kindness. * get along coworkers to express opinions and ideas. * Listen to what others have to say before expressing your viewpoint. Never speak over, but in, or cut off another person. * Dont think of yourself only, we should think of others too. * Use peoples ideas to change or improve work. Let employees know you used their idea, or, better yet, encourage the person with the idea to follow up the idea. * Never insult people, name call, disparage or put down people or their ideas. Do not nit-pick, constantly criticize over minute things, belittle, judge, demeanor patronize. A series of seemingly trivial actions, added up over time, constitutes bullying. * Never ever covet your co-workers belongings it is also a way of respecting them. * Treat people the same no matter their race, religion, gender, size, age, or country of origin. Implement policies and procedures consistently so people feel that they are treated fairly and equally. Treating people differently can constitute harassment or a hostile work environment. * Include all coworkers in meetings, discussions, training, and events.While not every person can go in in every activity, do not marginalize, exclude or leave any one person out. Provide an equal opportunity for employees to participate in committees, task forces, or continuous improvement teams. Solicit volunteers and try to involve every volunteer. * Praise much more frequently than you criticize. Encourage panegyric and recognition from employee to employee as well as from the supervisor. * Be always a humble co-worker for others. * Dont show poker acts towards your co-workers. Respecting others is respecting you too. We should respect others for them to respect us too.

Pearson and Mcdonal Lawsuit Analysis Essay

Executive SummaryThere are two major(ip) integritysuits which the main populace has outlined as giddy. One of those references is the McDonalds split coffee tree tree baptistery. This is the vitrine where the plaintiff spilled her coffee and was rumored to action McDonalds for 2.7 angiotensin-converting enzyme million million dollars and win. The others grounds is the Pearson ironical cleaning case where a man sued Chung Dry Cleaners 54 million dollars for losing his pants. The plaintiff won in the McDonalds Case and the complainant disjointed in the Dry clearances case. In this paper we are going to dissect each case by the facts, the law, the issues, the ethical issues, the defendants pr even offtive measures, and thus the analysis of it all.IntroductionFrivolous lawsuits have oer taken our society by storm. Anywhere from some ane suing over a couple up of lost pants to a person suing over a coffee contract. But what is Frivalous? Perhaps there is more to call for in each of these suits that was originally model. In 1992 79-year-old Stella Liebeck spilled coffee on herself and sued McDonalds for the coffee organism too hot. In May 2005 Judge Roy Pearson sued use Cleaners for losing a pair of his pants. On paper both of the lawsuits look ridiculous and should be dismissed as soon as the titles are read. But when face into the details one discovers propaganda hugely winded out of proportion on one case and the other being exactly what it looks like.What are the Facts?Factual evidence is what gives a case its meat, its substance, so without concordting facts it is very easy for a case to lose any of its stimuli. On the other hand some measures the facts of a case with swift ones initial thinking in a complete 180. The Pants Suit and the McDonalds Coffee Suit both have information to back the claim, however, only one can truly be deemed as proof. In My 2005 District of Columbia Administrative Law Judge Roy. L. Pearson claimed Custom Cl eaners lost his pants. Judge Pearson state hedropped off blue Saks Fifth Avenue suit pants with burgundy pinstripes at Custom Cleaners for $10.50 alteration and that the gray, cuffed pants they tried to return to him were non his (Andrea, 2007). Pearson whence proceeded to request Custom Cleaners, owned by the So Jin and Sooo Chung, pay him over $1,000 for a new suit. The Chungs refused and Pearson proceeded with a lawsuit asking for 65 million dollars. Before the suit went to trial the Chungs tried to settle, offering Pearson up to 12,000 dollars but Pearson refused and instead lowered his suit to 54 million dollars (ORourke, 2007). The suit then proceeded to the approach.Stella Liebeck was burned by coffee going through with(predicate) a McDonalds drive-through. Her grandson, Chris Tiano, stopped the car in the drive through so she could put skitter and sugar in the coffee. Ms. Liebeck placed the coffee between her legs, and when she pulled the top off the coffee it spilled o n her (Press & Carroll, 1995). She suffered severe third storey burn injuries to her buttocks, groin, and inner thighs. She was hospitalized for cardinal days because of the severity and had to receive multiple skin grafting procedures. Ms. Liebeck was disabled for two years due to her injuries. McDonalds had 700 previous customer burning cases precedent to Ms. Liebecks case, and the company decided to keep their coffee temperature at 190 degrees Fahrenheit. Prior to going the lawsuit path, Ms., Liebeck originally requested McDonalds settle for fault costs however, the company offered her $800 instead. Ms. Liebeck did not receive 2.7 Million Dollars as most assume, instead she accredited a total of $640,000 included the complementary damages and the penitentiary damages (Litant, 1995). When laying out the facts of the McDonalds Coffee Case as most call it, one is shocked to find themselves on Ms. Liebecks metaphoric side of the matter rather than McDonalds. One must al represe ntations review the facts to have any true lowstanding on the matter.After reviewing the facts given by the Pants Suit and the McDonalds Coffee case, a person can identify what suit is lacking necessary information. In the Pants Suit Pearson has no proof that Customer Cleaners lost his pants, it is all alleged. He could have forgotten them at his house or lost them himself, there is not any way to prove Custom Cleaners even lost his pants. But in the McDonalds case it is easy to see the facts because they are all in statistics, in photographs, the facts are all in the evidence. One case is already losing its steam while another is gaining momentum, lets preempt on.What are the Issues?An issue is why a case is even occurring. One issue is burns from an overly hot cup of coffee. The other issue is delirious distress and financial loss due to a pair of missing pants. There may be isssues though that grow from these or are the issues real that simple? In the missing pants case, the issue is Judge Pearsons pants were allegedly misplaced by Custom Cleaners. So how is it a pair of missing pants led to a suit battle that lasted over two years? There must have been other issues involved. First lets respect the facts we received, the pair of pants Custom Cleaners gave Mr. Pearson he claimed were not his, but they were his size and matched the alteration specification requested (Goldwasser, 2007). Other issues that grew from the case was the loss of blood line and harassment the Chungs received due to Mr. Pearsons harassment. Mr. Pearson would regularly go door to door in the neighborhood asking the community in which Custom Cleaners was centered for his support in the case against him.The Chungs had to eventually close down the store. The issue that started this entire fiasco was a pair of missing pants, which ended up leading Judge Pearson not being re-appointed and a Custom Cleaners being shut down. After the suit Judge Pearson received a letter from the Commis sion on Selection and Tenure Administrative Law Judges they elected not to re-appoint him as stress and cited his pour surgery as a tag and the Pants suit (Cauvin, 2007). The issues are simple to spell out for Ms. Stella Liebecks case. The issue, which brings about the other issues, is the plaintiff, Ms. Liebeck, received third degree burns when Mc. Donalds coffee was spilt on her lap. The plaintiff requested the defendant pay for medical bills and work loss, the defendant refused and offered a minimal sum, which would not even cover attorney costs.The defendant does not want to lower temperature they keep their coffee at as it would lower the optimum taste of the product. The plaintiff was partially at fault for spilling the coffee however, experts said if the coffee was not that hot then the injuries would never of occurred regardless of who spilled the coffee. Subsequently the issues are but they arent that simple. From one issue can spur another and that is the case for both lawsuits. Ms. Liebeck was severely burned by McDonalds coffee and requested an accurate amount for her injuries, they refused, and it went to courtcausing the issue of monetary loss and embarrassment for McDonalds. The issue that grew from the Pearson case was the business loss the Chungs received. In both cases the defendants each ended up having an issue of their own.What Law Applies?Laws can be manipulated and misinterpreted easily. There is even a branch of the government solely dedicated to translating the constitution accurately and ethically. In both cases there are laws that come about, but in one case it is clear the law was perversely utilized. In the Custom Cleaners case the suit stated Judge Pearson was, defrauded by the owners of Custom Cleaners and by the Satisfaction Guaranteed sign they had (Cauvin, 2007). He as well sued for frantic distress and legal costs (ORourke, 2007). Under Tort Law Pearson could be under Negligent Tort for damages, if he illustrates actual damages. Judge Pearson chose to sue under Intentional Torts, more specifically under Emotional Distress. The problem most defendants have come to is that emotional distress is ambiguous. Anyone can claim emotional distress for everyone is different with his or her tolerances.The most intriguing aspect in this case, is that the Chungs never sued Pearson for deflowerment. The Chungs had proof, witnesses, everything they needed for a successful trial. So under law the Plaintiff stretched manipulated the law definitions with very little proof for a lawsuit and the defendant did not even attempt to gain retribution. In the case of Stell Liebeck vs. McDonalds several torn law come into the play. The definition of a tort law is an in control board to anothers person or property. In this case there were severe damages done to the plaintiff consort to the facts. There are there separate types of torn cases, compensatory nominal, and punitive. Ms. Liebecks case fit under compensatory and p unitive. Compensatory for the injuries she received to include the special damages of doctor bills.She also is covered under punitive damages for the company was fully aware of how bad their product was and still refused to change the temperature of their coffee. Also Ms. Liebeck is covered under the Cause-in-Fact of negligent Tort, since McDonalds never went forward with any preventative measures.Her esquire Mr. Reed Morgan noted triad specific charges against McDonalds the stolon being their product wasunduly hazardous due to its temperature the second being McDonalds failed to give its consumers the necessary warnings of the temperature the third being the consumers could not drink the coffee at the time it was servedtherefore there was breach of warranty (Press & Carroll, 1995). Mr. Morgan had the option of using a plethora of Tort laws on behalf of his client Ms. Liebeck, and he took full value of that fact like any attorney would do for their case and client. In the McDona lds case the law was not overly used, because the ones they referenced were enough for their case to be heard and be successful. But the Pearson case was another matter, the plaintiff was clearly reach the law to try and manipulate it for his own base postulate.What did the judge/jury decide?The McDonalds case was a jury trial and the Pants case was a judge trial. Both cases were caught up in the legal battle for over two years. When the pants case finally do it to trial the case was dismissed in two days. The McDonalds case did take a little longer for there was a lot of evidence for them to go through and there were multiple decision watchrs rather than just one. The Judge in the pants case held the decision not the jury. D.C. Superior Court Judge Judith Bartnoff appoint for the defendant on all counts. Judge Bartnoff denied any damage costs to the Plaintiff and ordered Pearson to pay the defendants court costs (Cleaners 1, Judge 0 in case of missing pants, 2007). Usually whe n one is in the judgment of one of their own they find on behalf of their own. However it was clear Judge Bartnoff saw the absurdity of Pearsons claim when she found in behalf of the defendants.In the case of the spilled coffee most of the jury had a 180 from their original inclinations of the case. Going into the case dialog box member Roxanne Bell said, she was insultedthe whole thing sounded ridiculous to me. After the Jury heard testimony from three witnesses their opinions of the case started to alter. The first expert witness was mend Charles Baxter who spoke to the grotesque photographs of Ms. Liebeckss injury and testified that coffee at 170 degrees would cause second degree burns within 3.5 seconds of hitting the skin (Press & Carroll, 1995). And since McDonalds kept their coffee at 190 degrees it is safe to say, It was extremely easy for Ms. Liebeck to get third degree burns.The other twowitnesses were actually defendant witnesses, the first was a quality-assurance supe rvisor at McDonalds, and the second was a safety consultant. The first witness was Mr. Christopher Apleton who testified that even though McDonalds had received over 700 coffee burn complaints in 10 years the company refused to lower their temperatures. The second defendant witness was Mr. Robert Knaff, whos main problem was he contradicted himself in the middle of his testimony. As first he was tring to describe that 700 burn complaints in ten years amounted to only one in twenty-four million coffee cups, but then he later said in his testimony, a burn is a very terrible thing (Press & Carroll, 1995). By saying a burn was a terrible thing, then it was no longer a trivial matter. At the end of the case Ms. Bell defended the jurys decision by exclaiming, it was our way of saying, Hey, open your eyes. People are getting burned (Press & Carroll, 1995).The Jury decided to teach McDonalds a lesson for the over all negligence they displayed in their refusal to sleep with the multiple pr evious warning they had received regarding the hotness of their coffee. The Jury awardee Ms. Liebeck a total of $2.7 million dollars in punitive damages, which at that time, is the amount of money McDonalds would make in a two-day span. The jury was overzealous on Ms. Liebecks behalf for they wanted to reform and punish McDonalds so the judge had to step in Where as in the Pants suit the judge quickly put down the hammer on Judge Pearson.Did the judge or jury make an appropriate decision based on the applicable law controlling the cases? Why or Why not? The judge and jury both made the appropriate decisions in the verdict award, but no the appropriate decision on the fiscal award. In the case of the missing pants the judge fitly awarded the fiscal and the verdict. The in McDonalds case the jury appropriately awarded the verdict but inappropriately awarded the fiscal amount. Judge Judith Bartnoff made the appropriate decision according the appropriate definition of tort law in the mi ssing pants case. In interpreting the law one must as a judge throw out the absurd cases but still justly review it. In her review of the missing pants case it was clear Mr. Pearson was unduly persecuting the Chungs over a pair of pants. Mr. Pearson did not have work loss because Custom Cleaners allegedly misplaced a pair of pants, and he was not harmed in any way.In the McDonalds case thejury made the correct decision in awarding the suit to Ms. Liebeck, but they made in the ridiculous decision in obnoxious amount they chose to grant. Instead of awarding Ms. Liebeck the amount she was due, the jury decided to take a matter for McDonalds company indemnity into their own hands to try and reform by punishing the company so much they would have no choice but to lower the temperature of their coffee from 190 degrees Fahrenheit. The judge was correct in overturning the jurys decision from awarding Ms. Liebeck 2.7 million in punitive damages to $480 in punitive damages. The judge recogn ized the jury was correct in deciding the defendant was guilty, but they were overzealous in their need to reform McDonalds company policy. Overall the verdict for both cases was fairly awarded.What are the ethical issues in the cases? Do the ethical issues differ from the legal issues? If so How? There are ethical issues easily seen in both the Pearson and the Liebeck cases. In one case the Plaintiff was unethical and I the other case the defendant was unethical. In the Pearson case the ethical issues and the legal issues do not appropriately correspond. It was unethical for Mr. Pearson to be allowed a lawsuit of $54 million dollars for a pair of pants, but he was legally allowed. It was unethical for Mr. Pearson to deface Custom Cleaners by putting up signs in that community against them, but he was legally allowed to. It was unethical for Mr. Pearson to demand Custom Cleaners, at the time of the incident, over $ gravitational constant for a new suit, but he was legally allowed to . Many people do not take manipulate and take advantage of the freedoms the United States allows its citizens, but there are those who pass on not only take advantage but make others look on in horror for why he was allowed to do what he did. There are multiple ethical issues in the Liebeck case.The main one being responsibility. It is the responsibility of the company to bear in mind to its consumers and McDonalds failed to do so on multiple occasions. The other is knowingly harming other, McDonalds knew there coffee had caused severe burns on other customers in the past but had refused to do anything about it, even when they were approached by the National Burn Victims Association to do so (Howard, 1994). In this case the ethical issues do not differ from the legal issues as each ethical issue directly corresponds with a broken law by McDonalds. there are major ethical issues by the press, congress,and other entities continuing to further there own agenda by only giving half tr uths concerning Ms. Liebecks case. There has been a significant push by Tort reformers due to the jury decision made in Ms. Liebecks case, but those are using severe propaganda to do so.Both of these cases have been described as lightheaded lawsuits. Based on your research what do you think? Is either one or both of these cases frivolous?IntroPearsonBased on the research given, the Pants Suit case was a frivolous suit. A frivolous case is considered to be absurd, unneeded, and previously thought impossible. Judge Roy Pearson, a legal professional, most likely originally thought he could use the scare tactic with Customer Cleaners for the initial $1000 ask because of his power position. Instead when the defendant refused to pay that sum, the plaintiff lost his temper and in doing so lost his professional mind. The Plaintiff was not hurt, and he did not have any significant financial loss due to the initial incident.McDonaldsOn paper Ms. Liebecks case looks frivolous however, later examining the facts in no longer appears to be so. A woman did spill coffee on herself and did get burned, but she was severely burned from the hazardous temperatures McDonalds kept there coffee of hat was not fit for human consumption. The amount the jury awarded her it what most of society deems obnoxious, bringing the classification of her lawsuit to frivolous in nature. When just looking at the injuries Ms. Liebeck received from the coffee temperature, one could never deem it a frivolous lawsuit, but there are those who will seek to capitalize on a lawsuit such as this by exclaiming half-truths in order to further their own agendas.Combine disregardless of what you think of the lawsuits, how could the business owners have prevented them? What advice can you give them for the future?IntroPearsonWhen digging into the details of the case a very simple business answer alteration could have prevented the entire debacle in the missing pants case. Currently the Chungs have a ticketing system where they place the ticket number and word size on the clothing. However if they added to that ticket and item description the debacle could have been avoided. In doing this the customer is helped and so is the company.McDonaldsIt was rather obvious when looking through the facts of the McDonalds case how the company could have prevented their lawsuit, That is one of the main reasons they lost the case, is because due to their sever negligence in ignoring their consumer complaints, the jury was abhorred by the company. Very simply put McDonalds once receiving the first customer complaint should have completed testing to see what would keep their coffee at a great taste with a less hazardous temperature. Similar to other institutes had done at the advice of the Shriners Burn Institute sonorous their temperature to 135 to 140 degrees (Litant, 1995). In the future, some advice McDonalds should take is to listen to their customers, if there are several complaints regarding on e item, then the item either needs to be altered or discontinued.CombineConclusion

Book Review: Creating Effective Teams Essay

Creating Effective Teams a Guide for Members and Leaders is a give-and-take by Wheelan (2013) designed to do as the title states guiding fractions and leaders to produce rough-and-ready teams. Wheelan (2013) departs the book by highlighting the reasons that classs are important. Wheelan (2013) states that without history, Groups prepare played a major role in both the survival of tender-hearted beings and the development of human culture (p. 1). The majority of the book is based on 4 gifts that create a group of individuals into an effective team. The first stage is called settlement and inclusion.According to Wheelan (2013), the first stage of the group is characterized by group members becoming dependent upon the group leader. During this first stage, members must learn to trust each other. Wheelan (2013) highlights one-third inclinations that should come out of the first stage. The first goal is to have group members begin to develop a sense of belonging as well as re cognize predictable patterns of interaction. The next goal is to develop loyalty to the group. The final goal is to create a safe environment for members in order for them to allot and contri thate ideas and suggestions.The second stage is called counterdependency and flight (Wheelan, 2013). This stage is the natural transition from reaching the goals of stage 1 members will begin to smell that they dont adopt to be dependent upon the leader, which results in group members fighting amongst themselves. This is an inescapable part of the process and is very healthy for the group if managed properly. With the proper management, Wheelan (2013) identifies one goal for stage 2 creating a cohesive set of goals, values and operational procedures. According to Wheelan (2013), the third stage is called trust and structure.If the group is able to work through the conflicts and is abiding by the goals set in stage 2, then group members begin to trust each other, become more committed to the group and cooperation greatly increases. There are two goals identified by Wheelan (2013). The first goal of stage three is to solidify unconditional relationships between members. The second goal is to charter in more mature negotiations about group roles and organizational procedures. Once the three are stages are worked through the n the fourth stage, Work (Wheelan, 2013), tin stick out be accomplished.Wheelan (2013) identifies the fourth stage as a time of intense team productivity and effectiveness. This is the stage that is the result of creating the effective team. Once the four stages have been identified and understood, Wheelan (2013) goes on to elaborate on how a group leader can keep the team effective. Wheelan (2013) speaks of 10 keys to productivity (goals, roles, interdependence, leadership, communication and feedback, discussion, decision making and planning, implementation and evaluation, norms and individual differences, structure, cooperation and conflict mana gement).Wheelan (2013) also shares the ways that group members become effective team members (dont blame others, support the leader, promote effective problem-solving, etc) as well as how a leader can be an effective team leader (be direct and confident, involve members in leadership, adjust your leadership dah to the group, etc). Finally, Wheelan (2013) highlights effective organizational support for teams, which includes an organization support checklist. Concrete Response There real wasnt a video roll that played in my head, but I can apply this concept to my job.Currently, I am a supervisor for a wellness center that works with people lively with a mental illness. I see the group that I work with as a team because we are operative toward one goal. This goal is to benefactor the members living with a mental illness learn to gain independence, work on social skills and work on personal goals that they would like to establish. I feel as if my job is to create and effective tea m, first with my co-workers and then next with the members of the wellness center. As I was reading the four stages of a group, I can definitely see how that works out.When I first started there, I was definitely in the first stage with my co-workers and the members. Eventually stage two did happen and conflicts began because as a new supervisor, I had changed some rules and regulations that were received poorly at first. Eventually we were all able to work through the new changes and developed trust, stage 3. Once trust was developed, then we were able to get to the task at hand, which was achieving the goals set by each member and are now in the working stage of the team. It was interesting to read the text and apply to my personal life.The one thing that I did notice is that Ive been there for almost a course of instruction and I can confidently say that it took a few months of hard work to be where I am not with the members and my co-workers. Reflection I really enjoyed the boo k and I can definitely see how a team can become effective when each stage is performed properly. The questions that I had with reading the book were what happens if I am not able to complete a stage? What happens if the group members are not cooperative? And how do you handle a group that is there voluntarily versus involuntarily?While the book offers great advice and ideas, there didnt seem to be much room for error. Even when it came to the four checklists (team performance, effective member, effective leader and organization support) there were grades, but there was no explanation or tips on how to turn your poor grade into a positive grade. This book is a great conceptual book and a good book for advice but I feel as if Wheelan (2013) designed the book to be used as a resource that should be worked with other books and your own personal viewpoint.I dont think that I am exhausting to outsmart Wheelan (2013) but for me as a reader, my assumptions of the book based on the title w ere not what I had expected. I was partially correct that this was a how-to book, but what I did not expect was that there wouldnt really be anything about how to correct problems. This is almost like a users manual(a) for group leaders it tells you what to do, but not what to do when you make a mistake. I would use this book with another resource. Action So what am I going to do about it? How will I take this book and apply it to my life? What is a 3 step action plan that I can take?There are a lot of different steps that I can take with this book, but what hit me the most is the chapter on how I can be an effective team leader. So the first step that I would like to do is learn how to apply the leadership skills use for each stage. According the Wheelan (2013), during the first stage I need to learn to me a directive and confident leader. During the second stage, I need to understand that when members begin to demand more participation in running the group, I must slowly begin to empower them to have it.During the third stage I need to be able to involve members in the leadership of he group. Finally, during stage four, I must be able to participate as an expert member of the team. Being able to master those skills will greatly help me when it comes to team leadership. The second action plan that I will do is to take those checklist and actually fill them out and see if I need to change in the areas of team performance, effective membership, effective leadership and organizational support. I feel as if what I will do what the checklists are to make copies of them or look for them online and pass it out to my team members and the wellness center members also.Finally, what I would like to do is to audit the productivity of the team based on the 10 factors highlighted by Wheelan (2013) (goals, roles, interdependence, leadership, communication and feedback, discussion, decision making and planning, implementation and evaluation, norms and individual differences , structure, cooperation and conflict management). As verbalise in the section above, I will be using this book as an additional resource to really help improve my leadership abilities oddly at work, but also in other aspects of my life.

CanGo Analysis Essay

1. CanGo has too many another(prenominal) activities without having ad hoc goals or setting priorities. As they find something that needs to be accomplished, it is al slipway as soon as possible without setting definite time deadlines. move priorities is one way to insure that the tasks which need warm attention ar persisted on first of all, while other task cornerstone be delayed be pay off they ar non as important. Being able to schedule people to complete item task requires thoughtful planning while know what resources are available.According to the Business Dictionary, a resource is an economic or crossingive factor required to accomplish an activity (Resource, 2013). CanGo needs to demand a chart presentation what its resources are which includes how a lot time each employee is able to work, how much money they back end spend or invest, and what needs to be done by when. This lav be accomplished in a add up of different rules depending on the personnel who wi ll be responsible for compiling the data. As directn on the adaptive Path website, one method would be to use a spreadsheet which shows three major criteria and consequently defend a scale to them graphing the results.Equally important, once the priorities are determined, is setting specific deadlines for completion of task so that the employees know exactly when a report is needed, or when another plane section needs a specific resource if a resources needs to be shared or allocated, such as an employee working on multiple tasks. When setting the times, it is also important to know if one task needs to be complete before another on starts or if tasks can be worked on by different employees concurrently.Setting up a written schedule or calendar, for example in Microsoft Outlook which e reallyone can purview would be a sincere tool so each employee knows who is working on what and when it needs to be done.2. CanGo needs to find out their customer base so that they can grocery to current customers and necessitate in spick-and-span customers. There are a few ways to find their customer base. This first step to help find a customer base is to make the company a discolouration name. They need to make the company known to everyone for the great services and products offered.This will make the company to a greater extent noticeable on any search engine or social media. Another step to conclusion the base would be to use onsite analytics. Google is the best known option for this. This will analyze the sites traffic patterns. It shows what websites they incur from, how long they stay on your site and each individual paginate. This can even determine what page the customers get to and then put across (Staff Editor). If there is a certain page that customers get to and then leave the site, than this is the page that needs to be looked over and re-done. CanGo should also take advantage of social media.If CanGo used a social media outlet such as Facebook, th eir fans could leave comments and say what they like and dislike about the company. This can help fix any problems within the company. The last(a) step in reaching a good customer base is to make sure their website is user friendly. Make sure the homepage has the most important capacitance on it and that it has easy to understand menus for the customers to navigate. The company should also make sure to look at the reviews two good and bad and leave all of them on there.By showing that you are not nerve-wracking to hide anything the customers will extradite more respect for the company. . CanGo wants to implement a sensitive technology that involves a late layout that incorporates barcoding and automated storage and retrieval systems (ASRS). Jack is proposing this new implementation by contrasting the new technology versus CanGos current technology. Jack assures Juan that every cost has been included in the detailed analysis, hardly when Juan asks about how they are going to deal with the IT subdivision, Jack replies that they need to make sure that the entire plane section is focus about 70 % of their time to this project in multiple locations.He also remarks that the discussion section has to be pulled off from their current projects, so this implementation can be a priority. Prior to make the final decision of purchasing ASRS technology, there needs to be some deeper discussion as to what would hap to the security of the companys mesh if the IT segment had to spend more time on data integration.According to Ehow website, the information technology department in an organization is responsible for the architecture, hardware, software and meshing of computers meaning that putting the IT department full time on the implementation of ASRS technology, can cause im worthy function of the in the first place IT department functions, for instance, armed servicer maintenance (Kelchner, n. d. ). Agreeing to Wisegeek website statement, if maintenance is not conducted on a computer network, regardless of whether the network is small or large, pplication software usually will not run as well as expected. In some cases, a network may even experience total or incomplete network failure if proper maintenance is not conducted. Jacks proposal can cause CanGo extra costs that have not been accountable for and put the entire companys network at risk (server maintenance, n. d. ). In other to make this analysis effective, Jack should meet up with the IT department first and discuss how the implementation of this new technology will impact ITs current work schedule.Jack and the IT department need to come with a plan that includes a work schedule for the new implementation without interrupting current projects. Therefore, if extra hours are demanded to complete the implementation whether CanGo will pay overtime to the IT department employees or temporary IT employees will be hired, this cost has to be added to the analysis. When choosing a s trategy, every single department that is involved in the implementation should be contacted and informed about the project prior to present the final analysis.It seems that Jack didnt contact or discuss the implementation of ASRS technology with the IT department.4. CanGo consumer buying process is in question when one of CanGos employee shares an elevated statistic that reveals over 75% of online shoppers dont end up buying the products that they have selected in the website as a result, Andrew replies that CanGos website mirrors the consumers choice by applying product recognition, illuminating search, alternating evaluation, etc. It seems that CanGo does not have an ongoing method for tracking hits vs. purchases on their website.The problem is that CanGo is not evaluating their consumer buying process properly. Andrew clearly wonders if that high statistic applies to CanGo clients. According to Aspire website, victimisation website metrics and tracking your leads and conversion s should forgather a vital role in measuring whats working and whats not on your companys website. Building up a history of metrics will enable you to mention trends and opportunities, analyze your traffic data to consistently improve your sites effectiveness, and varan your lead contemporaries process, conversion rates, and your return on investment. CanGo should invest in website metrics because this will allow CanGo to conduct proper follow up that will confirm if the implemented consumer buying process is satisfactory (Website metrics, n. d. ).5. CanGo needs to monitor the changes in purchases so that they can modify their marketing strategy. There are a few ways that CanGo can monitor changes. The company should start using web crucifys on their site. A web bug is a graphic in a website or a graphic-enabled e-mail message.The Web bug can confirm when the message or page is viewed and enroll the IP address of the viewer (Privacy Rights Clearinghouse). This can help determi ne how many people are viewing their homepage and any other page on their site. CanGo can also apply direct marketing to their site. Direct marketing is a sales pitch targeted to a person based on prior consumer choices (Privacy Rights Clearinghouse). An example would be if the customer buys a romantic novel, then there will be suggestions for other romantic novels in a similar nature. Another method CanGo can use is behavioral marketing.Behavioral Marketing is the practice of collecting and compiling a record of individuals online activities, interests, preferences, and/or communications over time. Companies engaged in behavioral targeting routinely monitor individuals, the searches they make, the pages they visit, the content they view, their interactions on social networking sites, and the products and services they purchase (Privacy Rights Clearinghouse). After they have done the tracking they are able to show advertisements to the customers based on their behavior.This type of marketing is used through cookies, flash cookies, device fingerprinting and many other technologies. Whenever the customer goes to websites or social media that have advertisements on the side, the companys ad would be there if the services were something that interested the customer.6. CanGo seems to lack knowledge of unfamiliar territory. Since the online entertainment market is becoming perfect(a) with entrepreneurs entering the industry, CanGo can definitely benefit from investigateing this particular market before they enter it.There are many reasons for any company thats entering a new market to research it first. iodin reason is because its a way of keeping up with market trends, and in instantlys fast paced world its paramount to stay on top of the industry and business trends. lack knowledge of unfamiliar territory can be extremely costly to an organization. Expanding into a new market involves a great deal of market research in addition to target customers. CanGo need s to give away an in-depth understanding of market growth rates, forecasted demand, competitors, and potential barriers to entry.CanGo isnt entering a relatively undefined market, however, its new territory for the company. Needless to say maintaining a competitive edge is an important aspect of management today because organizations exist in a more global environment than in the past. Within most industries organizations cope with other companies that are able to provide the same goods and services. According to Steve Jobs, Some people say, give the customers what they want. only if thats not my approach. Our job is to figure out what theyre going to want before they do.I think Henry Ford once said, if Id asked customers what they wanted, they would have told me, A faster vaulting horse People dont know what they want until you show it to them. Thats why I never rely on market research. Our task is to read things that are not yet on the page. This was a pretty controversial quote but it was how he actually felt. Unfortunately, although he was extremely successful and considered a genius by many there were times in his career where understanding customers wants could have led to even more success, such as with his computing company NeXT.There are twain and cons to researching a market before entering but the pros definitely outweigh the cons. researching your market is also very vital to understanding your target market and increasing sales. There are many reasons for CanGo to conduct research on a market theyre entering, for instance, identifying potential customers. Its important who will be using your product or service. Are they male or female? How old they are? and so on.Its also important to understand CanGos existing customers such as why would customers choose their product over their competition. A market should be prioritized based on the strategic fit and the ability for CanGo to serve them. CanGo should be able to answer questions like Are there gaps in this marketplace that can be filled? If so can they do better than their competitors? What value can they deliver to this market and how much are they willing to pay for it? (Isaacson, 2011).

Create Your Own School Essay

A public give instruction twenty-four hoursss job is to make believe a standardized environment for students of the general population however, public drills dont always flirt the needs of the students. absorb conditions exist to meet the needs of the students and ar to a greater extent open to p atomic number 18ntal s scoop up and local control over state and bureaucracies control. However, charter educates may deter some minority, poor, and pretending families from want enrollment by requiring them to wind up volunteer hours and failing to provide transportation and free lunches to eligible students (Schnaiberg 2000). My indoctrinate I create give take the benefits of public take aims and the benefits of charter rails to create an tenseness on item-by-item check intoing and attentiveness for cultural mixture. My school advises students in preschool through twelfth grade, an extended school day and lasting school year, beca white plague most of December is of f. My secular school is founded on respecting and encouraging other(a) religions thus the school disciplines around religious vacations, creating all secular and religious holidays off days.School is in session September 3rd through June 20th. Students in early childhood education program and kindergarten argon in carve up Monday-Friday 730am-1230 pm. Students in first through fifth atomic number 18 in crystallise Monday-Friday 700am-445 pm. Students in one-sixth through eighth are in class Monday-Friday 645am-445 pm. Students in ninth through twelfth are in class Monday-Friday 6am-1230 pm. Students in ninth through twelfth grade are required to amaze a Monday-Friday work experience internship students under sixteen watch an on-campus internship (1-4pm), while students over sixteen kick in an off-campus internship (130-430pm). My schools goals are to have students by the end of twelfth grade be able to understand and pass over at or near college take. In addition, student s provide l advance three languages (English, Spanish, and another), read music sheets, be able to play a musical instrument or sing, have life skills, and have a knowledge of the diverse world we live in. All students preschool through twelfth grade will learn English composition, math, science, grammar, social sciences, geography, reading, literature, foreign languages, visual/performing arts (music, art, theatre, and dance), cultural diversity, U.S. government/economy, and physical education. ticker school students will learn speech inter face-to-face communication, small group communication, argumentation, intercultural communication, public speaking, and forensics/debate. Middle school and high school students will learn required electives basic life skills, introduction to computers, cultures of the world, nutrition/wellness/safety/careers, life skills, philosophy/religions/cultural anthropology, and human sexuality/anatomy/physiology. My schools goals are to have students p repared for college and/or having a job as well as serving in the confederacy. In addition to a work experience internship, high school students are required to take personal electives, which are any additional high school electives taken through the local community college or 30 units of college units though AP, CLEP, Dantes, etc. Middle school students are required to take personal electives, which are any additional bosom school electives that are high school level. All students sixth through twelfth are required to complete community supporter to graduate and achieve units (10 units=20 hrs). Middle school students are required to complete at least sixty hours of community operate and high school students are required to complete at least eighty hours of community service to graduate. Middle school students are required 360 units to graduate including personal electives and community service high school students are required 520 units to graduate including personal electives, work internship, and community service. Summer school is required for middle school and high school students. Students are required at least twenty units. Repertory and deepen classes available. My school holds a high standard for the t separatelyers as well for the students. Students are expected to behave, strive for excellence, respect others, have a correct character, and be willing to learn, while the faculty is expected to do the same. closely charter schools do not require their teachers to be certified (Borsa 1999). However, my school requires all teachers K-5th to hold a Teaching Credential and a know Degree and teachers 6th-twelfth are required to hold a Masters or Doctoral Degree in the area they teach. My school promotes a healthy life style, school uniforms, and parent involvement. Parents are required to pay one fee that covers all school real, lunches, schools uniforms, field trips, and other necessary items.The food at my school, which is free, and healthy, tha t means no soft drinks, cookies, washstanddy, chips, or any other rubble food all birthdays at school will be celebrated without unhealthy food. Parents are advance to eat healthy and show students healthy life styles. Students are required to wear a school uniform, a short-sleeved tee shirt with school logo and black pants/shorts/dress/ dishearten or for formal attire is long-sleeved shirt and black pants/shorts /dress/skirt. The shirt will have a color to represent a grade Pre-K Pink, K Purple 1st Blue, second Turquoise, 3rd Green, 4th Light Green, 5th Yellow, 6th Orange, 7th Red, 8th Maroon, 9th Brown, 10th Black, 11th Gray, and 12th White. Like the school uniform, backpacks will be in the color of the school uniform and have the students let on on it. My school has no state standardized tests, but the use of state standards. Instead students are required to test into each grade through a test that measures their cognitive and behavioral level. The complete cognitive test has twenty-seven essays and 2030 multiple choice/true-false questions, which is two essays and 140 or cl questions per grade. The cognitive test measures what the student should know by the end of each grade. Students can challenge an mental test if they feel the grade or class they are in doesnt reflect their abilities. In addition, students are required to take a test out exam in each subject. It serves as a measure for student learning, and an evaluation for teachers and parents. This exam is compared to the test in exam and picks for tutoring/after school cooperate for struggling students. If student doesnt score higher than 80 percent on an exam, they wont be promoted to the next class or grade unless they successfully retake the exam. The exam can be retaken twice before the student must repeat a grade of class. My school doesnt use the Standard Letter Grade, but gives students the option for it. Instead of standard letter grades, students in K-5 will have a grade of Pass (B- or higher in Standard Letter Grade) or No Pass (C+ or lower in Standard Letter Grade). Then 6-12th grade students will have the option of keeping their grades in Pass/No Pass or having standard letter grades. (Students will be put on Academic Probation if their GPA reaches 2.99 or below.) Behavior, class participation, in-class work for students K-12 will be graded in O=Outstanding, E=Exceeds Expectations, A=Acceptable, P=Passing, N=Needs Improvement. Each workweek behavior and participation reports are sent home so parents can see how their students behavior and participation improves or becomes a problem. Teachers and parents go over the childs portfolio, which includes tests, papers, art, quizzes, and other in-class material each quarter. At the end of the year students evaluate their own work and others work in the portfolio. The student, the teacher, other students, and theparent grade the portfolio like pieces of art are evaluated at an art gallery. My school gives students t he option of independent study or regular classroom learning in middle school and high school. All preschool through twelfth grade students are put in their cognitive level and in small classrooms of twenty students of less however, middle school and high school students have the option of regular class or packets. In regular class students participate in in-class assignments, quizzes, and tests students must earn homework and extra credit.Students must have at least 240 points out of 300 to pass each quarter otherwise the quarter will be repeated in packets. In a packets class or independent study students come to class participate and take in-class quizzes and tests however, class work is make in packets. Students must have an A- or higher to move on to the next packet. Packets are allowed to be taken home and are equivalent to one week of regular class in-class work and Physical Education, Speech, Science Lab, and Visual/Performing Arts are not allowed to be taken in packets. T he packets are recommended for students who are ill, on religious holidays, etc., which prevent them from attending class. In addition, all students on holiday (December) have the option of completing packets for credit and completing quizzes and tests online with a proctor the packet requires an A- or bump to move on. Overall, my school focuses on creating an emphasis on individual learning and respect for cultural diversity however, there are intuitional and individual barriers. Intuitional barriers will train when parents who arent secular will try to down their beliefs into the curriculum, but this school offers a well-rounded approach to learning not faith-based learning. In addition, problems may arise when parents try to control what the child learns and what they become parents are encouraged to let their children be good at what they are good at. Small class sizes and indivualized learning can cause problems for students and parents who want a more mainstreamed education . Students may feel it is too hard for them, but this school is meant to be challenging in academics, but not in socializing. Since there will be intuitional and individual barriers, parents and teachers are encouraged to be open and discuss any problems and look for what is in the best interest of the child. My belief is that education should offer students prepare students for life outside of education. I provided a school that offers students an extended school day and longer school year and summer school to keep kids out of trouble and respect religious beliefs. My school has educated students prepared for college and/or having a job as well as serving in the community. In addition, I provided a school that promotes a healthy life style, school uniforms, individual learning, good behavior, options in learning, and parent involvement. The goal of my school is to prepare and educate students to learn and be the best they can be in whatever they are good at. This charter school wil l create an emphasis on individual learning and respect for cultural diversity and more. Although this charter school will have intuitional and individual barriers, the school will provide more positive learning than a negative one.References Borsa, J., Ahmed, M., & Perry, K. (August 1999). ask School Goverence. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council of Professors of Educational Administration, Jackson Hole, WY. ED 436 856. Schnaiberg, L. (2000). Charter schools Choice, diversity may be at odds. Education Week, 19(35), 1, 18-20.